the latter is
remunerated at 3.00% is only � 41.7, and therefore does hardly justify to leave one staff member
for one more hour in the office, if this would be required.
In the case of the Eurosystem
ff
total staff
economics staff
The Irish central bank has no research staff and its economics staff consisted of 27 people in
1999. Figure 9 gives the total number of staff, which has decreased [...] ff
total staff
economics
staff
Table 2. The Staff Ratios of the National Central Banks in the European Union.
Total staff CB /
population
Economic staff CB/
population [...] 1999
year
nu
m
be
r o
f s
ta
ff
total staff
economics
staff
research staff
Figure 6. Total, Economics and Research Staff of Sveriges Riksbank
Sweden
0
200
400
(2000): The Federal Reserve System Discussed: A Compara-
tive Analysis, De Nederlandsche Bank, Staff Reports, No. 56.
FAUST , J. / ROGERS, J.H. / WRIGHT, J.H. (2001): An Empirical Comparison of
helpful
discussions.This paper was produced in the context of the background studies prepared by ECB staff as an input into the Governing Council’s reflections on the ECB’s monetary
policy strategy.The views
ve.gov).
Lane, T. D. (1992) Household Demand for Money in Poland – Theory and Evi-
dence, IMF Staff Papers, 39, pp. 825–854.
Markose, S., Loke, Y. (2003) Network Effects on Cash-card Substitution
Guidotti, P.E., Rodriguez, C.A. (1992), Dollarization in Latin America - Gresham's Law in
Reverse?, IMF Staff Papers, 39, pp. 518-544.
Gutman, P. (1977), The Subterranean Economy, Financial Analysts Journal [...] erve.gov).
Lane, T.D. (1992), Household Demand for Money in Poland - Theory and Evidence, IMF Staff
Papers, 39, pp. 825-854.
85
ECB
Work ing Paper Ser ie s No . 330
April 2004
page
authors’ personal opinions and do not necessarily reflect the views of the
Deutsche Bundesbank or its staff.
page
Editorial Board: Heinz Herrmann
Thilo Liebig
Karl-Heinz Tödter
Deutsche Bundesbank [...] possible to reconstruct the Council’s collective quantitative assessment of the
economic outlook. Staff forecasts of inflation and output do exist, but their bi-annual
frequency and varying time horizon [...] there
is no data source comparable to the Greenbook produced by the Federal Reserve
Board’s staff). Therefore, the best we can do is to reconstruct the data set which was
available to policy makers
aftliches Studium, 33. Jg. (2004),
S. 574–581.
Europäische Zentralbank, A Guide to Eurosystem Staff Macro-
economic Projection Exercises, Frankfurt am Main, June 2001.
Herwartz, H., H.-E. Reimers
possible
to reconstruct the Council’s collective quantitative assessment of the economic outlook.
Staff forecasts of inflation and output do exist, but their semi-annual frequency and varying
time horizons [...] gap, we know that data on industrial production and other monthly indicators
allow the Bundesbank staff to roughly estimate GDP some weeks before the first official
number is published. In contrast, the
(1994), Money Demand, Bank Credit, and Eco-
nomic Performance in Former Socialist Economies, IMF Staff Papers, Vol. 41, S. 3 14-349
Champ, Bruce, Freeman, Scott (1 994), Modeling Monetary Economies [...]
El-Erian, Mohamed (1988), Currency Substitution in Egypt and the Yemen Arab Republic,
IMF Staff Papers, Vol. 35, S. 85- 103
Engle, Robert, Granger, Clive (1987), Cointegration and Error Correction: [...] Rodriguez, Carlos A. (1992), Dollarization in Latin America - Gresham's
Law in Reverse?, IMF Staff Papers, Vol. 39, S. 5 18-544
Ha, Jiming (1994), Estimating Rand Circulation in Swaziland, Int
authors’ personal opinions and do not necessarily reflect the views of the
Deutsche Bundesbank or its staff.
page
Editorial Board: Heinz Herrmann
Thilo Liebig
Karl-Heinz Tödter [...] *,
111
* ''1 (10)
with 021 ≥> λλ . A positive value of λ2 would either indicate that the staff made
systematic mistakes in estimating the long-run relationships or that, despite the
medium-term [...] differ from those contained in real-time data sets (which are
usually based on published data and staff estimates).
As the outcome of this debate is still open, our approach is to use ex post data
authors’ personal opinions and do not necessarily reflect the views of the
Deutsche Bundesbank or its staff.
page
Editorial Board: Heinz Herrmann
Thilo Liebig
Karl-Heinz Tödter
Research
of the Federal Employment Agency
Regensburger Str. 104
D-90478 Nuremberg
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Regina Stoll, Jutta Palm-Nowak
Technical completion
Jutta Sebald
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authors’ personal opinions and do not necessarily reflect the views of the
Deutsche Bundesbank or its staff.
page
Editorial Board: Heinz Herrmann
Thilo Liebig
Karl-Heinz Tödter
Scouting is defined as a systematic approach by companies whereby they
assign part of their staff or employ external consultants to gather information in the field
of Science and Technology and
Scouting is defined as a systematic approach by companies whereby they
assign part of their staff or employ external consultants to gather information in the field
of Science and Technology and
foreign ‘official’ purchases of US Tre-
asuries alone seem to have played little or no role. Long-
staff (2004), in contrast, argues that if US investors, who
presumably may benefit more from the highly
BLANCHARD, O. / MILESI-FERRETTI, G. M. (2009): Global Imbalances, International Monetary Fund
(IMF) Staff Position Note, No. 09/29, Washington D.C.
CARDARELLI, R. / ELEKDAG, S. / KOSE, M. A. (2009): Capital [...] of banking crises in developing
and developed countries, in: International Monetary Fund (IMF) Staff Papers, Vol. 45, S. 81-
109.
DORNBUSCH, R. (1988): Der Weg zur internationalen Währungsstabilität [...] REINHARDT, D. B.
S. (2010): Capital inflows: The role of controls, International Monetary Fund (IMF) Staff Posi-
tion Note, 10/04, Washington D.C.
PATNAIK, I. / SHAH A. (2010): Asia confronts the impossible
Blanchard, Olivier and Gian Maria Milesi-Ferretti (2009), Global Imbalances, International
Monetary Fund Staff Position Note, No. 09/29, Washington D.C.
Boorman, Jack (2009), The Impact of the Financial Crisis [...] Determinants of Banking Crises in
Developing and Developed Countries, in: International Monetary Fund Staff Papers, Vol.
45, pp. 81-109.
De Santis, Roberto and Stefanie Lührmann (2009), On the Determinants [...] Dennis B. S. Reinhardt (2010), Capital Inflows: The Role of Controls, International
Monetary Fund Staff Position Note, No. 10/04, Washington D.C.
Reinhart, Carmen and Kenneth Rogoff (2008), Banking
national legal provisions. These include, for example, provisions on security staff
carrying weapons, training of security staff, and the armour plating and equipping of cash-in-transit vehicles.
37 With [...] authors’ personal opinions and do not necessarily reflect the views of the
Deutsche Bundesbank or its staff.
page
Editorial Board: Klaus Düllmann
Frank Heid
Heinz
authors’ personal opinions and do not necessarily reflect the views of the
Deutsche Bundesbank or its staff.
page
Editorial Board: Klaus Düllmann
Frank Heid
Heinz Herrmann
reform progress of Greece, the
staff teams reportedly worked together efficiently and each of the three Troika members
contributed its special expertise during the staff missions and the surveillance [...] contradictory views. The EC and the IMF published staff reports after every mission.
One might ask if it would perhaps be better to publish a joint staff report of the Troika to
avoid the impression [...] Stand-By Arrangement for Latvia,”
Press Release No. 08/345, December 23, 2008.
7 IMF, “IMF announces staff-level agreement with Romania on € 12.95 billion loan as part of coordinated
financial support,” Press
reform progress of Greece, the
staff teams reportedly worked together efficiently and each of the three Troika members
contributed its special expertise during the staff missions and the surveillance [...] contradictory views. The EC and the IMF published staff reports after every mission.
One might ask if it would perhaps be better to publish a joint staff report of the Troika to
avoid the impression [...] Stand-By Arrangement for Latvia,”
Press Release No. 08/345, December 23, 2008.
7 IMF, “IMF announces staff-level agreement with Romania on € 12.95 billion loan as part of coordinated
financial support,” Press
reform progress of Greece, the
staff teams reportedly worked together efficiently and each of the three Troika members
contributed its special expertise during the staff missions and the surveillance [...] contradictory views. The EC and the IMF published staff reports after every mission.
One might ask if it would perhaps be better to publish a joint staff report of the Troika to
avoid the impression [...] Stand-By Arrangement for Latvia,”
Press Release No. 08/345, December 23, 2008.
7 IMF, “IMF announces staff-level agreement with Romania on € 12.95 billion loan as part of coordinated
financial support,” Press
it may be necessary to hire additional staff such as radiology technicians that
are familiar with interventional imaging systems. Both new and existing staff may require
outside training to be able [...] different surgical disciplines, interventionalists,
cardiologists and anesthesiologists. Further staff working in these rooms includes nurses
and technicians, resulting in a multitude of requirements [...] clinical applications,
procedural descriptions, imaging and equipment
requirements
Nursing staff (circulating and scrub nurses) Working positions, patient and material logistics
Surgical technicians