banks’ granting
of credit. On the other hand, it neglects the fact that a credit economy would in any
case give rise to money as a medium of exchange (Thornton, 2000, 51ff.). Credit
promises are [...] granting of credit to the money-holding sector.
Unfortunately, many theoretical models do not explicitly distinguish between outside
(or base) money and inside money. Indeed, money and credit are linked [...] (inside) money might technically be linked to credit via the balance sheet
identity and despite the fact that many modern macro models explicitly deal with
credit (see section 3) or investigate money’s
banks’ granting
of credit. On the other hand, it neglects the fact that a credit economy would in any
case give rise to money as a medium of exchange (Thornton, 2000, 51ff.). Credit
promises are [...] granting of credit to the money-holding sector.
Unfortunately, many theoretical models do not explicitly distinguish between outside
(or base) money and inside money. Indeed, money and credit are linked [...] (inside) money might technically be linked to credit via the balance sheet
identity and despite the fact that many modern macro models explicitly deal with
credit (see section 3) or investigate money’s
banks’ granting
of credit. On the other hand, it neglects the fact that a credit economy would in any
case give rise to money as a medium of exchange (Thornton, 2000, 51ff.). Credit
promises are [...] granting of credit to the money-holding sector.
Unfortunately, many theoretical models do not explicitly distinguish between outside
(or base) money and inside money. Indeed, money and credit are linked [...] (inside) money might technically be linked to credit via the balance sheet
identity and despite the fact that many modern macro models explicitly deal with
credit (see section 3) or investigate money’s
banks’ granting
of credit. On the other hand, it neglects the fact that a credit economy would in any
case give rise to money as a medium of exchange (Thornton, 2000, 51ff.). Credit
promises are [...] granting of credit to the money-holding sector.
Unfortunately, many theoretical models do not explicitly distinguish between outside
(or base) money and inside money. Indeed, money and credit are linked [...] (inside) money might technically be linked to credit via the balance sheet
identity and despite the fact that many modern macro models explicitly deal with
credit (see section 3) or investigate money’s
banks’ granting
of credit. On the other hand, it neglects the fact that a credit economy would in any
case give rise to money as a medium of exchange (Thornton, 2000, 51ff.). Credit
promises are [...] granting of credit to the money-holding sector.
Unfortunately, many theoretical models do not explicitly distinguish between outside
(or base) money and inside money. Indeed, money and credit are linked [...] (inside) money might technically be linked to credit via the balance sheet
identity and despite the fact that many modern macro models explicitly deal with
credit (see section 3) or investigate money’s
and credits
(1) Annex 1 to these programme and examination regulations contains an overview of the modules, the
type of courses, the credits to be earned, the credit points awarded (ECTS credit points) [...] semesters or an equivalent degree, the scope of which generally comprises 210 ECTS
credit points, but at least 180 ECTS credit points.
(2) The higher education qualification under subsection 1 must have [...] compulsory elective modules, for each of which ECTS credit points are earned upon successful completion of the respective module. Overall, the ECTS credit points for each
group as defined in the programme
and credits
(1) Annex 1 to these programme and examination regulations contains an overview of the modules, the type
of courses, the credits to be earned, the credit points awarded (ECTS credit points) [...] semesters, or an equivalent degree, the scope of which generally comprises 210 ECTS credit
points, but at least 180 ECTS credit points. Furthermore, the following is required: proof of sufficient knowledge [...] compulsory elective modules, for each of which ECTS credit points are earned upon successful completion of the respective module. Overall, the ECTS credit points for each
group as defined in the programme
Receiving Institution
(as indicated in the course catalogue7)
Semester
Number of ECTS credits (or equivalent)8
to be awarded by the Receiving
Institution upon successful completion
[...] Sending Institution
(as indicated in the course catalogue)
Semester
Number of ECTS credits (or equivalent)
to be recognised by the Sending
Institution
[...] and should be available to the student.
The Sending Institution commits to recognise all the credits or equivalent units gained at the Receiving Institution for the successfully completed educational
(Continue next page)
page
26 Malte Krueger and Franz Seitz
Credit and Capital Markets 1 / 2018
Cash Cards Debit Credit
Germany 2004 (€) 0.36 0.82 2.73
Belgium 1998 (€) 0.56 0.64 [...] (2013): Ein Drei-Punkte-Plan zur Reformierung der Geldpolitik, Credit and
Capital Markets 46-4, pp. 425–441.
– (2017): Money and credit: lessons of the Irish bank strike of 1970, ROME Discussion
Paper [...] :producer Adobe PDF Library 10.0.1
pdf:docinfo:created 2018-02-28T12:32:13Z
page
Credit and Capital Markets 1 / 2018
Pros and Cons of Cash: The State of the Debate
Malte Krueger
banks’ granting of credit. On the other hand, it neglects the fact that a
credit economy would in any case give rise to money as a medium of exchange
(Thornton, 2000, 51ff.). Credit promises are most [...] supply of credit to the money-holding
sector.4 Unfortunately, numerous theoretical models do not explicitly distinguish
between outside (or base) money and inside money. Indeed, money and credit are [...] though (inside) money might technically be linked to credit via the balance sheet
identity and despite many modern macro models explicitly deal with credit (see
section 3) or investigate money’s role
banks’ granting of credit. On the other hand, it neglects the fact that a
credit economy would in any case give rise to money as a medium of exchange
(Thornton, 2000, 51ff.). Credit promises are most [...] supply of credit to the money-holding
sector.4 Unfortunately, numerous theoretical models do not explicitly distinguish
between outside (or base) money and inside money. Indeed, money and credit are [...] though (inside) money might technically be linked to credit via the balance sheet
identity and despite many modern macro models explicitly deal with credit (see
section 3) or investigate money’s role
Methodenbasis des Credit Management – Teil 1, Lehrmaterialien zum Certified
Credit Manager.
Hock (2016), Scoring Modelle: 12 Fragen und Antworten, White Paper des Bundesverbandes für Credit Manage-
ment. [...] können den
Credit Manager dabei unterstützen und seine Effizienz steigern. Im Gegensatz zur
traditionellen Bonitätsprüfung, die maßgeblich auf den persönlichen Erfahrun-
gen des Credit Managers beruht [...]
1
Das Fortschreiten der digitalen Möglichkeiten verändert den Verantwortungsbe-
reich des Credit Managers nachhaltig. Die zunehmende Verfügbarkeit relevan-
ter Kundeninformationen wird den Blick
with a total of 90 ECTS credits.
(2) The Master's thesis is written in the last semester of full-time study.
(3) 1Students with a first degree with 210 ECTS credits may begin their studies [...] not possible for students with an initial degree with 210 ECTS credits to begin their studies.
3
Students with
less than 210 ECTS credits in their first degree can only begin their studies in the winter [...] of study or an equivalent degree, the scope of which usually comprises 210 ECTS credits, but at least
180 ECTS credits. 2Graduates of a Bachelor's degree programme with less than 210 (but at least 180)
Formalitäten sind in den Modulbeschreibungen aufgeführt.
• Abkürzungen:
ECTS Das European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) ist ein Punktesystem zur
Anrechnung von Studienleistungen [...] Geoinformatik (Studienrichtung)
• Workload:
Nach dem Bologna-Prozess gilt: Einem Credit-Point wird ein Workload von 25-30 Stunden zu Grunde
gelegt. Die Stundenangabe umfasst die Präsenzzeit [...] Modul-ID
Module ID
Art des Moduls
Kind of Module
Umfang in ECTS-Leistungspunkte
Number of Credits
1.1 Grundlagenmodul / Pflichtmodul 5
Ort
Location
Sprache
Language
Dauer des
in the module descriptions.
• Abbreviations:
ECTS = The European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) is a credit point system for
accreditation of course achievements.
SWS = Semeste [...] Semesterwochenstunden = Semester hours per week
• Workload:
According to the Bologna Process, a credit point is based on a workload of 25-30 hours. The number of
hours includes the time spent at the [...] papers or preparing for examinations.
Example calculation of workload (course with 4 SWS, 5 ECTS credits):
Workload: 5 ECTS x 30 h/ECTS = 150 h
- Lecture (4 SWS x 15 weeks) = 60 h
use of trade credit (Petersen and Rajan 1994, Harhoff and Körting 1998).
Trade credit is a method of financing provided by suppliers to their clients. One form of trade
credit is to forgo discounts [...] difficult task. Taking the refusal of a
credit application as an indicator for financing constraints is not practical, because firms that did
not apply for a credit would be excluded from the analysis. [...] not available. Firms that rely heavily on trade credit are
therefore said to face financing constraints.
One could argue that the use of trade credit is not a good indicator for the presence of financing
Formalitäten sind in den Modulbeschreibungen aufgeführt.
• Abkürzungen:
ECTS = Das European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS)
ist ein Punktesystem zur Anrechnung von St [...] Studienleistungen.
SWS = Semesterwochenstunden
• Workload:
Nach dem Bologna-Prozess gilt: Einem Credit-Point wird ein Workload von 25-30 Stunden zu Grunde
gelegt. Die Stundenangabe umfasst die Präsenzzeit [...] Modul-ID
Module ID
Art des Moduls
Kind of Module
Umfang in ECTS-Leistungspunkte
Number of Credits
RSP Basis-/Grundlagenmodul, Pflichtmodul 5
Ort
Location
Sprache
Language
Dauer
Formalitäten sind in den Modulbeschreibungen aufgeführt.
• Abkürzungen:
ECTS = Das European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS)
ist ein Punktesystem zur Anrechnung von St [...] Studienleistungen.
SWS = Semesterwochenstunden
• Workload:
Nach dem Bologna-Prozess gilt: Einem Credit-Point wird ein Workload von 25-30 Stunden zu Grunde
gelegt. Die Stundenangabe umfasst die Präsenzzeit [...] Modul-ID
Module ID
Art des Moduls
Kind of Module
Umfang in ECTS-Leistungspunkte
Number of Credits
RSP Basis-/Grundlagenmodul, Pflichtmodul 5
Ort
Location
Sprache
Language
Dauer
Formalitäten sind in den Modulbeschreibungen aufgeführt.
Abkürzungen:
ECTS Das European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) ist ein Punktesystem zur
Anrechnung von Studienleistungen [...] Geoinformatik (Studienrichtung)
Workload:
Nach dem Bologna-Prozess gilt: Einem Credit-Point wird ein Workload von 25-30 Stunden zu Grunde
gelegt. Die Stundenangabe umfasst die Präsenzzeit [...] Modul-ID
Module ID
Art des Moduls
Kind of Module
Umfang in ECTS-Leistungspunkte
Number of Credits
GDS Grundlagenmodul / Pflichtmodul 5
Ort
Location
Sprache
Language
Dauer des
in das Hauptstudium ist berechtigt, wer das Grundstudium vollständig bestanden
oder mindestens 45 Credit Points erreicht hat.
(2) Der Eintritt in das praktische Studiensemester setzt voraus, dass [...] Grundstudiu Grundstudiu Grundstudiummmm
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
lfd.
Nr.
Fach SWS Credits Art der Lehr-
Veranstaltung
Prüfungen
Endnotenbildende
studienbegleitende
Le [...] europas
Stufe II
4 5 SU, Ü
schrP 90
mdl LN
1
SWS (Credits) insgesamt 48 60
page
Stand: 02Stand: 02Stand: 02Stand: 02/2008/2008/2008/2008
Formalitäten sind in den Modulbeschreibungen aufgeführt.
• Abkürzungen:
ECTS = Das European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) ist ein Punktesystem zur
Anrechnung von Studienleistungen [...] en.
SWS = Semesterwochenstunden
• Workload:
Nach dem Bologna-Prozess gilt: Einem Credit-Point wird ein Workload von 25-30 Stunden zu Grunde
gelegt. Die Stundenangabe umfasst die Präsenzzeit an [...] Modul-ID
Module ID
Art des Moduls
Kind of Module
Umfang in ECTS-Leistungspunkte
Number of Credits
00101894 Grundlagenmodul 6
Ort
Location
Sprache
Language
Dauer des Moduls
Formalitäten sind in den Modulbeschreibungen aufgeführt.
• Abkürzungen:
ECTS = Das European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) ist ein Punktesystem zur
Anrechnung von Studienleistungen [...] en.
SWS = Semesterwochenstunden
• Workload:
Nach dem Bologna-Prozess gilt: Einem Credit-Point wird ein Workload von 25-30 Stunden zu Grunde
gelegt. Die Stundenangabe umfasst die Präsenzzeit an [...] Modul-ID
Module ID
Art des Moduls
Kind of Module
Umfang in ECTS-Leistungspunkte
Number of Credits
0010154 Grundlagenmodul 5
Ort
Location
Sprache
Language
Dauer des Moduls
Formalitäten sind in den Modulbeschreibungen aufgeführt.
• Abkürzungen:
ECTS = Das European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) ist ein Punktesystem zur
Anrechnung von Studienleistungen [...] en.
SWS = Semesterwochenstunden
• Workload:
Nach dem Bologna-Prozess gilt: Einem Credit-Point wird ein Workload von 25-30 Stunden zu Grunde
gelegt. Die Stundenangabe umfasst die Präsenzzeit an [...] Modul-ID
Module ID
Art des Moduls
Kind of Module
Umfang in ECTS-Leistungspunkte
Number of Credits
Grundlagenmodul 5
Ort
Location
Sprache
Language
Dauer des Moduls
Duration
mdl LN
0,5
0,5 1
SWS (Credits) insgesamt 48 60
2. Hauptstudium
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
lfd.
Nr.
Fach SWS Credits Art der Lehr-
Veranstaltung
Prüfungen
[...] Kolloquium 2 3 SU Ref 0,5
SWS (Credits) insgesamt 90 120
3. Praktisches Studiensemester
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
lfd.
Nr.
Fach SWS Credit
Points
Art der
Lehrveranstaltung [...] u/o StA
u/o mdlLN
SWS bzw. Credits
insgesamt
56 60
2. Hauptstudium
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
lfd.
Nr.
Fach SWS Credits Art der Lehr-
Veranstaltung
Prüfungen
Formalitäten sind in den Modulbeschreibungen aufgeführt.
Abkürzungen:
ECTS = Das European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) ist ein Punktesystem zur
Anrechnung von Studienleistungen [...] en.
SWS = Semesterwochenstunden
Workload:
Nach dem Bologna-Prozess gilt: Einem Credit-Point wird ein Workload von 25-30 Stunden zu Grunde
gelegt. Die Stundenangabe umfasst die Präsenzzeit an [...] Modul-ID
Module ID
Art des Moduls
Kind of Module
Umfang in ECTS-Leistungspunkte
Number of Credits
ET1 Basis-/Grundlagenmodul, Pflichtmodul 9
Ort
Location
Sprache
Language
Dauer