(2000): The Federal Reserve System Discussed: A Compara-
tive Analysis, De Nederlandsche Bank, Staff Reports, No. 56.
FAUST , J. / ROGERS, J.H. / WRIGHT, J.H. (2001): An Empirical Comparison of
however, due to lack of necessary investments and politically motivated mass-
firing of qualified staff, oil production of PDVSA decreased and state income from oil sales
plummeted especially after [...] 2018.
Hellerstein, R. & W. Ryan (2011), Cash Dollars Abroad, Federal Reserve Bank of New York Staff
Report, No 400.
Hosny, A. (2020), Remittance Concentration and Volatility: Evidence from 72
A Leone (2001), Can currency demand be stable under a financial crisis? The
case of Mexico, IMF Staff Papers 48, pp 344-366.
MacKinnon, J G (1991), Critical values for cointegration tests, in Engle
estimated. Unfortunately, for the period in question, real-time
data on policymakers’ or Bundesbank staff forecasts of most of the vari-
ables in question are not available. On the other hand, the RHS variables [...] differ from those contained in real-time data sets (which
are usually based on published data and staff estimates).
As the outcome of this debate is still open, our approach is to use ex
post data as [...] J. S./Sarno, L./Valente, G. (2004): Monetary Policy Rules,
Asset Prices, and Exchange Rates, IMF Staff Papers 51, 529–552. – Christiano, L.
J./Rostagno, M. (2001): Money Growth Monitoring and the Taylor
Cash and
COVID-19: The impact of the pandemic on the demand for and use of cash. Bank of Canada,
Staff Discussion Paper 2020-6.
Christiansen, L., Prati, A., Ricci, L.A., & Tressel, T. (2009). External [...] 195–227.
Dunbar, G.R., & Jones, C. (2018, May). The (un)demand for money in Canada. Bank of Canada, Staff
Working Papers 18-20.
Esselink, H., & Hernández, L. (2017, November). The use of cash by households
authors’ personal opinions and do not necessarily reflect the views of the
Deutsche Bundesbank or its staff.
page
Editorial Board: Heinz Herrmann
Thilo Liebig
Karl-Heinz Tödter
reform progress of Greece, the
staff teams reportedly worked together efficiently and each of the three Troika members
contributed its special expertise during the staff missions and the surveillance [...] contradictory views. The EC and the IMF published staff reports after every mission.
One might ask if it would perhaps be better to publish a joint staff report of the Troika to
avoid the impression [...] Stand-By Arrangement for Latvia,”
Press Release No. 08/345, December 23, 2008.
7 IMF, “IMF announces staff-level agreement with Romania on € 12.95 billion loan as part of coordinated
financial support,” Press
authors’ personal opinions and do not necessarily reflect the views of the
Deutsche Bundesbank or its staff.
page
Editorial Board: Heinz Herrmann
Thilo Liebig
Karl-Heinz Tödter
(1994), Money Demand, Bank Credit, and Eco-
nomic Performance in Former Socialist Economies, IMF Staff Papers, Vol. 41, S. 3 14-349
Champ, Bruce, Freeman, Scott (1 994), Modeling Monetary Economies [...]
El-Erian, Mohamed (1988), Currency Substitution in Egypt and the Yemen Arab Republic,
IMF Staff Papers, Vol. 35, S. 85- 103
Engle, Robert, Granger, Clive (1987), Cointegration and Error Correction: [...] Rodriguez, Carlos A. (1992), Dollarization in Latin America - Gresham's
Law in Reverse?, IMF Staff Papers, Vol. 39, S. 5 18-544
Ha, Jiming (1994), Estimating Rand Circulation in Swaziland, Int
By air sampling measurements and
effectiveness studies the use for the patient and the
clinical staff can be estimated in this manner and
optimization possibilities can be compiled. This is a major
possible
to reconstruct the Council’s collective quantitative assessment of the economic outlook.
Staff forecasts of inflation and output do exist, but their semi-annual frequency and varying
time horizons [...] gap, we know that data on industrial production and other monthly indicators
allow the Bundesbank staff to roughly estimate GDP some weeks before the first official
number is published. In contrast, the
authors’ personal opinions and do not necessarily reflect the views of the
Deutsche Bundesbank or its staff.
page
Editorial Board: Klaus Düllmann
Frank Heid
Heinz Herrmann
173-191.
Blanchard, O., G. Dell’Ariccia & P. Mauro (2010), Rethinking Macroeconomic Policy, IMF
Staff Position Note SPN/10/03, February 12, 2010.
Borio, C. (2014), Monetary policy and financial
the latter is
remunerated at 3.00% is only � 41.7, and therefore does hardly justify to leave one staff member
for one more hour in the office, if this would be required.
In the case of the Eurosystem
Today's
Advanced Economies: Unnecessary, Undesirable, and Unlikely, International Monetary
Fund, Staff Position Note, SPN 10-12, September 1.
Council of the European Union (2010a), Council Gives Notice [...] Stand-By Ar-
rangement for Latvia, Press Release No. 08/345, December 23.
IMF (2009), IMF Announces Staff-level Agreement with Romania on € 12.95 Billion Loan as
Part of Coordinated Financial Support, Press [...] Extended Arrangement for Ireland,
Press Release No. 10/496, December 16.
IMF (2010e), IMF Reaches Staff-level Agreement with Greece on €30 Billion Stand-By Ar-
rangement, Press Release No. 10/176, May 2
aftliches Studium, 33. Jg. (2004),
S. 574–581.
Europäische Zentralbank, A Guide to Eurosystem Staff Macro-
economic Projection Exercises, Frankfurt am Main, June 2001.
Herwartz, H., H.-E. Reimers
the Bundesbank.56
Table 33:
Total expenses of the Deutsche Bundesbank in 2011 (€ million)
Staff costs 615
Other operating expenses 306
Depreciation on tangible and intangible fixed assets [...] Paper No 8.
Gresvik, O. & H. Haare (2009), Costs in the Norwegian Payment System, Norges Bank
Staff Memo No. 4.
Guibourg, G. & B. Segendorf (2007), A Note on the Price- and Cost Structure of Retail
(2010). Monetary cycles, financial cycles, and the business cycle. In Federal Reserve Bank of New York Staff Reports 421
Aksoy, Y., & Piskorski, T. (2005). US domestic currency in forecast error variance de
authors’ personal opinions and do not necessarily reflect the views of the
Deutsche Bundesbank or its staff.
page
Editorial Board: Heinz Herrmann
Thilo Liebig
Karl-Heinz Tödter [...] *,
111
* ''1 (10)
with 021 ≥> λλ . A positive value of λ2 would either indicate that the staff made
systematic mistakes in estimating the long-run relationships or that, despite the
medium-term [...] differ from those contained in real-time data sets (which are
usually based on published data and staff estimates).
As the outcome of this debate is still open, our approach is to use ex post data
ff
total staff
economics staff
The Irish central bank has no research staff and its economics staff consisted of 27 people in
1999. Figure 9 gives the total number of staff, which has decreased [...] ff
total staff
economics
staff
Table 2. The Staff Ratios of the National Central Banks in the European Union.
Total staff CB /
population
Economic staff CB/
population [...] 1999
year
nu
m
be
r o
f s
ta
ff
total staff
economics
staff
research staff
Figure 6. Total, Economics and Research Staff of Sveriges Riksbank
Sweden
0
200
400
it may be necessary to hire additional staff such as radiology technicians that
are familiar with interventional imaging systems. Both new and existing staff may require
outside training to be able [...] different surgical disciplines, interventionalists,
cardiologists and anesthesiologists. Further staff working in these rooms includes nurses
and technicians, resulting in a multitude of requirements [...] clinical applications,
procedural descriptions, imaging and equipment
requirements
Nursing staff (circulating and scrub nurses) Working positions, patient and material logistics
Surgical technicians
D. O'Habib, J. Wu & J. Zhu (2022), Cash and COVID-19: What
happened in 2021, Bank of Canada Staff Discussion Paper No. 2022-8, April.
Cheney, J.S. & S.L.W. Rhine (2006), How Effective Were the [...] Engert, W., B. S. Fung & S. Hendry (2018), Is a Cashless Society Problematic?, Bank of Canada
Staff Discussion Paper No. 2018-12, October.
Esselink, H. & L. Hernández (2017), The Use of Cash by
Leone (2001), Can currency demand be stable under a financial crisis?
The case of Mexico, IMF Staff Papers 48, pp 344-366.
MacKinnon, J G (1991), Critical values for cointegration tests, in Engle
und begeistert.
the University staff. This involves language courses, stays
abroad as well as work shadowing at our partner universities.
University staff are thus encouraged to view themselves [...] multinational groups fosters internationality and intercultural
exchange among students and staff.
page
10
Further measures that guarantee academic success are our
language courses [...] beyond our national borders and, in
the long term, attract students, scientists and teaching staff from
all over the world.
page
14
Verankert in der Region, vernetzt in der Welt.
(2009),
Sophisticated Monetary Policies, Federal Reserve Bank of
Minneapolis Research Department Staff Report 419, May.
page
172 Journal of Reviews on Global Economics, 2014, Vol. 3 Seitz [...] Ricardo (2006), Inside and Outside Money, Federal Reserve
Bank of Minneapolis Research Department Staff Report No.
374, May.
Long, John B. & Charles I. Plosser (1983), Real Business Cycles,
Journal [...] Trust in the Private
Provision of Money, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis
Research Department Staff Report 467, July.
Matsuoka, Tarishi (2011), Monetary Policy and Banking Structure,
Journal of