supply factors to demonstrate that cash has to keep a vital role as a means of payment not only to maintain its status of a highly liquid store-of-value but also as an efficient tool to combat crises [...] population is still accustomed to banknotes and coins in its payment habits. In addition, there must be a robust cash infrastructure to ensure a well-functioning cash cycle to meet the demand for cash [...] declined from 2009 to 2020 from 54% to 21% and stayed roughly at that level in the following years. Interestingly, the value shares also fell from 2009 to 2020, from 23% to 9%, but increased

resilience to power outages, cyberattacks and crises. • Private monies and systems may contribute to efficiency but are profit-driven, which limits the extent to which they can contribute to the public [...] cash and, establish rights to access and pay in cash. The cash infrastructure must be adapted to the needs of cash users, who otherwise will have no option but to shift to electronic payment alternatives [...] important for people who find it difficult to make ends meet. • Cash provides tourists and foreign visitors to a country with a certainty about being able to pay. In light of these benefits, many

(2.1) to (2.3). All three parties conclude the contract provided that the contractually agreed payments (per project) to the entrepreneur, to the bank, and to the household are in line with (2.1) to (2.4) [...] reduces the ability to fund investment. Finally, an economy prone to a simultaneous monetary policy and macroprudential policy shock responds almost equally to an economy prone to a single monetary policy [...] minimum return that is necessary to induce bankers to monitor is given by Rb t = µIt ∆p , (2.2) and the minimum return that is necessary to induce entrepreneurs to choose the project variant without

disposable income is to be understood as an approximation. In a liquidity analysis, it would be more appropriate to use income adjusted for taxes and transfers as a starting point, but not to deduct imputed [...] calculated according to equation (4). It becomes obvious that the time- dependent burden ratio over the term of the mortgage reacts to a change in the inflation rate ( ) and to a change in the monetary [...] burden switches from positive to negative values compared to the scenario of price stability (base scenario). Four scenarios are considered. The impact of inflation to the mortgage interest rate

Bernt Mayer 24 A Micro Data Approach to the Identification of Credit Crunches von Timo Wollmershäuser und Horst Rottmann 25 Strategies and possible directions to improve Technology Scouting in [...] decisions in Germany and discuss them in their international contexts. Concrete examples are ment to explain economical problems and chances in one. Within the analysis, Schulte and Wörster pay [...] betrieblicher Altersversorgung für den GGF.“ von Thomas Dommermuth 9 „Zur Entwicklung von E-Learning an bayerischen Fachhochschulen- Auf dem Weg zum nachhaltigen Einsatz?“ von Heribert Popp und

companies with higher ESG scores were more likely to leave Russia. This seems to justify the high ethical standards attributed to such stocks, leading to the aforementioned protective effect. So did [...] for the economic ties to Russia and Ukraine has to be considered. After all, the degree of economic dependency to Russia 5. When using characteristics that are related to the social pillar of ESG [...] the risk-return patterns of stocks.1 To achieve this, it is essential to gain a deeper understanding of the risk-return patterns, with particular attention to tail-risks and their interconnec- tion

high interest payments to the banks since the change of the monetary policy course due to high inflation, combined with low income for the high securities holdings, led to massive criticism. The [...] Eurosystem and also Deutsche Bundesbank will make losses in 2023, which are likely to last for several years. Due to massive purchases of securities over the last 10 years, especially government bonds [...] through, e.g., a drastic increase in the minimum reserve ratios in the Eurosystem to reduce excess reserves do not appear to be helpful and pose new problems. Ultimately, states have benefited from h

Bernt Mayer 24 A Micro Data Approach to the Identification of Credit Crunches von Timo Wollmershäuser und Horst Rottmann 25 Strategies and possible directions to improve Technology Scouting in [...] their article on concrete examples from the international and worldwide crisis years from 2020 to 2022. Within the business ethics analysis, Schulte and Wörster pay special attention on the law [...] oder Medien kann man sich der markanten Bewerbung von Bioprodukten nicht entziehen; Kleidung, To-go-Geschirr, Speisen und Getränke, Kosmetika etc. werden mit spürbarer Priorität vermarktet und

first have to transfer money from their TARGET-PM accounts to their TIPS-DCA before they can use it for instant payments (see figure 8a). The time to transfer funds from TARGET-PM accounts to TIPS-DCA [...] area countries, but its volume is subject to approval by 1 Some NCBs also provide accounts to nonbanks such as private households and enterprises , but only to a very limited extent. 2 Since the [...] Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) to store information on a blockchain or “account-based” giving money holders access to ordinary central bank accounts. According to the latest survey by the Bank for

Value Weighted Distance to Default Figure 1. Value weighted distance-to-default of EMU+ from January 1993 to June 2020. 2.2. Creation of the Bank spread factor To proxy the distress in the banking [...] in the banking sector to spillover to the cross-section of stocks belonging to the so-called ‘real economy.’ Third, US banks are more active in stock markets, in contrast to their European counterparts [...] from June 1999 to June 2020, we need to start collecting data from 1993 onward. Considering the calculation of DDs, we need one year of data in advance. We lose further five years to perform varying

there were fears that the re-setting of computer program dates in order to adjust for the new millennium would have led to a shutdown of important institutions like public utilities, but also the [...] in October 2008, the resulting financial turmoil in the US quickly scaled up to a global financial crisis and led to a visible increase in cash demand worldwide (see figure 1). However, this increase [...] Data refer to cash or banknotes in circulation. Source: National central banks. Obviously, there was a structural difference between the financial crisis 2008 and Y2K with respect to cash demand

paper, the Dunning-Kruger-Effect, complementary to the original study by Dunning and Kruger, is investigated in different age groups in order to find out whether the Dunning-Kruger-Effect is more [...] Bernt Mayer 24 A Micro Data Approach to the Identification of Credit Crunches von Timo Wollmershäuser und Horst Rottmann 25 Strategies and possible directions to improve Technology Scouting in [...] in the competence area of foreign languages. Furthermore, it was researched that men tend to overestimate themselves more than women. However, there was no prove within the research that the

discipline seems not to wane in re- sponse to expansionary shocks to monetary policy that bring down borrowing cost. Thus, although government debt rose (Figure 1) relative to GDP between 2006 and [...] expansionary shock is assumed to raise the stock price due to a lower discount rate and to decrease the interest swaps. Leombroni et al. (2020) calculate a risk premium shock to monetary policy by exploiting [...] 18According to Bini Smaghi (2013), the ECB’s role changed radically in the course of the sovereign debt crisis: ”The ability to push government authorities to make decisions contrary to their immediate

projection method to analyze the reaction of house prices, mortgage loans and mortgage lending rates to surprises in monetary policy that can be related to unconventional measures. We refer to the shock [...] side-effects of loose monetary policy points to financial instability risks. In particular, housing busts in response to a surge in house prices due to low interest rates might be a potentially d [...] h = 0, 1, 2, 3...H to generate a sequence of the θh’s. We use the method of Driscoll and Kraay (1998) to obtain heteroskedasticity-consistent standard errors that are robust to very general forms

Watson: Introduction to Econometrics. 3. Aufl., Pearson Education, New York 2015. Wooldridge, J.M.: Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach. 6. Aufl., Cengage Learning, Boston 2016. [...] Bernt Mayer 24 A Micro Data Approach to the Identification of Credit Crunches von Timo Wollmershäuser und Horst Rottmann 25 Strategies and possible directions to improve Technology Scouting in [...] 90 (1995), Nr. 430, S. 443450. Card, D.: Using Geographic Variation in College Proximity to Estimate the Return on Schooling, in: Christophides, L.N., E.K. Grant, R. Swidinsky (Hrsg.): Aspects

Bernt Mayer 24 A Micro Data Approach to the Identification of Credit Crunches von Timo Wollmershäuser und Horst Rottmann 25 Strategies and possible directions to improve Technology Scouting in [...] Sveriges Riksbank, Economic Commentaries No. 9, 15 October 2020. Jobst, C & H Stix (2017), Doomed to Disappear? The surprising return of cash across time and across countries, CEPR Discussion Paper No [...] Gladstone & S. Lyubomirsky (2016), How your Bank Balance Buys Happiness: The importance of “cash on hand” to life satisfaction, Emotion 16, 575–580. Seitz, F. (1995), Der DM-Umlauf im Ausland, Diskussionspapier

Weisendorf, Germany) appeared. The aim of this study is to evaluate the meaning of surface contamination in respect to fracture mechanism. To avoid fracture of the screw M6 of the MRP Titan System we [...] adapter failures in hip replacement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the meaning of surface contamination in respect to fracture of the locking screw of the MRP Titan Revision System (Peter [...] version to fit the physiologic anterior bow of the femur in 200 mm length. 260 mm and 320 mm curved stems with two distal transverse drill holes are also available, providing the possibility to use

Bernt Mayer 24 A Micro Data Approach to the Identification of Credit Crunches von Timo Wollmershäuser und Horst Rottmann 25 Strategies and possible directions to improve Technology Scouting in [...] summary of the current situation by basing their text on concrete examples, which happened from may to september 2020. Within the business ethics analysis, Schulte and Wörster pay special attention [...] betrieblicher Altersversorgung für den GGF.“ von Thomas Dommermuth 9 „Zur Entwicklung von E-Learning an bayerischen Fachhochschulen- Auf dem Weg zum nachhaltigen Einsatz?“ von Heribert Popp und

opportunity to increase the customer satisfaction. In order to analyze, which features help to achieve this enhancement, the Kano method can be applied. This customer-oriented research method allows to find [...] proper size and the description of products by means of bullet points have to be prioritized on the website www.witt-weiden.de to improve the product detail page and increase customer satisfaction. [...] Bernt Mayer 24 A Micro Data Approach to the Identification of Credit Crunches von Timo Wollmershäuser und Horst Rottmann 25 Strategies and possible directions to improve Technology Scouting in

Therefore, Bund Future contracts are only suitable to a limited extent to hedge the interest rate level for future investments. However, and compared to the usual use of forward loans in practice, financial [...] circumstances. In addition to the problem of the correlation not being sufficient for all periods, the daily cash settlement of future contracts and the high price volatility lead to increased liquidity needs [...] Bernt Mayer 24 A Micro Data Approach to the Identification of Credit Crunches von Timo Wollmershäuser und Horst Rottmann 25 Strategies and possible directions to improve Technology Scouting in

force companies to rethink their business models and industries - their strategy, relationships with customers and suppliers, processes and structures. The aim of this publication is to provide a starting [...] Adner: Match Your Innovation Strategy to Your Innovation Ecosystem, in: Harvard Business Review, April 2006, 2006, https://hbr.org/2006/04/match-your-innovation-strategy-to-your-innovation-ecosystem [11.07 [...] Match Your Innovation Strategy to Your Innovation Ecosystem, in: Harvard Business Review, April 2006, 2006, https://hbr.org/2006/04/match-your-inno- vation-strategy-to-your-innovation-ecosystem [11.07

packaging: How to create and capture value | Deloitte Insights. Abgerufen 1. Dezember 2019, von https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/industry/retail-distribution/smart- packaging-how-to-create-and- [...] Bernt Mayer 24 A Micro Data Approach to the Identification of Credit Crunches von Timo Wollmershäuser und Horst Rottmann 25 Strategies and possible directions to improve Technology Scouting in [...] components of the logistics supply chain. Their combination with smart technologies makes it possible to integrate them as active components with specialized tasks into the processes of logistics, industry

Switzerland with respect to interest rate conditions and interest rate fixation since the beginning of the 1960s. Of special interest are the share of fixed compared to adjustable rate contracts, [...] Bernt Mayer 24 A Micro Data Approach to the Identification of Credit Crunches von Timo Wollmershäuser und Horst Rottmann 25 Strategies and possible directions to improve Technology Scouting in [...] the effective interest burden and the terms to maturity. We find that in both countries a financing with variable interest rates is premature. However, this advantage is far less pronounced in

lecture “Economics and Economic Policy” to examine the effects of a new learning management system on the study results. Along with the implementation of the learning management system an adjustment of the [...] students will be able to ac- complish their own learning rhythm. This process shall be supported by the numer- ous practice possibilities. The following report will respond to the project more closely [...] lecture is that the students initially learn and practice the contents autono- mously. After that the relevant lecture takes place. The main reason for the change was to improve the study results of the

approach is needed to maximize customer value and to improve efficiency. Based on a comprehensive literature review this paper presents an integrated PPM framework. It is intended to provide a basis for [...] Furthermore, these coordinators must ensure that all stakeholders closely adhere to the formalization requirements of both levels to yield the positive interaction effect of joint formalization” (Ahlemann et [...] Bernt Mayer 24 A Micro Data Approach to the Identification of Credit Crunches von Timo Wollmershäuser und Horst Rottmann 25 Strategies and possible directions to improve Technology Scouting in