the Bundesbank.56
Table 33:
Total expenses of the Deutsche Bundesbank in 2011 (€ million)
Staff costs 615
Other operating expenses 306
Depreciation on tangible and intangible fixed assets [...] Paper No 8.
Gresvik, O. & H. Haare (2009), Costs in the Norwegian Payment System, Norges Bank
Staff Memo No. 4.
Guibourg, G. & B. Segendorf (2007), A Note on the Price- and Cost Structure of Retail
(1994), Money Demand, Bank Credit, and Eco-
nomic Performance in Former Socialist Economies, IMF Staff Papers, Vol. 41, S. 3 14-349
Champ, Bruce, Freeman, Scott (1 994), Modeling Monetary Economies [...]
El-Erian, Mohamed (1988), Currency Substitution in Egypt and the Yemen Arab Republic,
IMF Staff Papers, Vol. 35, S. 85- 103
Engle, Robert, Granger, Clive (1987), Cointegration and Error Correction: [...] Rodriguez, Carlos A. (1992), Dollarization in Latin America - Gresham's
Law in Reverse?, IMF Staff Papers, Vol. 39, S. 5 18-544
Ha, Jiming (1994), Estimating Rand Circulation in Swaziland, Int
authors’ personal opinions and do not necessarily reflect the views of the
Deutsche Bundesbank or its staff.
page
Editorial Board: Heinz Herrmann
Thilo Liebig
Karl-Heinz Tödter [...] *,
111
* ''1 (10)
with 021 ≥> λλ . A positive value of λ2 would either indicate that the staff made
systematic mistakes in estimating the long-run relationships or that, despite the
medium-term [...] differ from those contained in real-time data sets (which are
usually based on published data and staff estimates).
As the outcome of this debate is still open, our approach is to use ex post data
Paper No 8.
Gresvik, O. & H. Haare (2009), Costs in the Norwegian Payment System, Norges Bank
Staff Memo No. 4.
Guibourg, G. & B. Segendorf (2007), A Note on the Price- and Cost Structure of
Retail
Leone (2001), Can currency demand be stable under a financial crisis?
The case of Mexico, IMF Staff Papers 48, pp 344-366.
MacKinnon, J G (1991), Critical values for cointegration tests, in Engle
the latter is
remunerated at 3.00% is only � 41.7, and therefore does hardly justify to leave one staff member
for one more hour in the office, if this would be required.
In the case of the Eurosystem
monthly bulletin in every language of the Euro area and an annual report as well as more technical staff reports. In December 1999 the Governor of the ECB even announced to publish an inflation and growth [...] Bank Independence and Disinflationary Credibility: A Missing Link?, Federal Reserve Bank of New York Staff Reports, No. 1.
biblio-Entry Prast, H.-M. (1996), Time Consistency, Asymmetric Information and
pp. 1170–1188.
Alesina, A., and R. Perotti, 1995. The Political Economy of Budget Deficits, IMF Staff Papers, Vol. 42, pp. 1–31.
DOI:10.5089/9781451850680.001.
Annett, A., 2006. Enforcement and the
Today's
Advanced Economies: Unnecessary, Undesirable, and Unlikely, International Monetary
Fund, Staff Position Note, SPN 10-12, September 1.
Council of the European Union (2010a), Council Gives Notice [...] Stand-By Ar-
rangement for Latvia, Press Release No. 08/345, December 23.
IMF (2009), IMF Announces Staff-level Agreement with Romania on € 12.95 Billion Loan as
Part of Coordinated Financial Support, Press [...] Extended Arrangement for Ireland,
Press Release No. 10/496, December 16.
IMF (2010e), IMF Reaches Staff-level Agreement with Greece on €30 Billion Stand-By Ar-
rangement, Press Release No. 10/176, May 2
aftliches Studium, 33. Jg. (2004),
S. 574–581.
Europäische Zentralbank, A Guide to Eurosystem Staff Macro-
economic Projection Exercises, Frankfurt am Main, June 2001.
Herwartz, H., H.-E. Reimers
solely those of the authors and are not necessarily shared by the Bundesbank or other members of its staff. We thank two anonymous referees and Vicky Read from the Bank of England for valuable comments. The [...] Schadler, S M. (1979). "A Model of Currency Substitution in Exchange Rate Determination", 1973-78, IMF Staff Papers, Vol. 26, pp. 513-542.
Brittain, B. (1981). "International Currency Substitution and the
Blanchard, Olivier and Gian Maria Milesi-Ferretti (2009), Global Imbalances, International
Monetary Fund Staff Position Note, No. 09/29, Washington D.C.
Boorman, Jack (2009), The Impact of the Financial Crisis [...] Determinants of Banking Crises in
Developing and Developed Countries, in: International Monetary Fund Staff Papers, Vol.
45, pp. 81-109.
De Santis, Roberto and Stefanie Lührmann (2009), On the Determinants [...] Dennis B. S. Reinhardt (2010), Capital Inflows: The Role of Controls, International
Monetary Fund Staff Position Note, No. 10/04, Washington D.C.
Reinhart, Carmen and Kenneth Rogoff (2008), Banking
(2010). Monetary cycles, financial cycles, and the business cycle. In Federal Reserve Bank of New York Staff Reports 421
Aksoy, Y., & Piskorski, T. (2005). US domestic currency in forecast error variance de
ff
total staff
economics staff
The Irish central bank has no research staff and its economics staff consisted of 27 people in
1999. Figure 9 gives the total number of staff, which has decreased [...] ff
total staff
economics
staff
Table 2. The Staff Ratios of the National Central Banks in the European Union.
Total staff CB /
population
Economic staff CB/
population [...] 1999
year
nu
m
be
r o
f s
ta
ff
total staff
economics
staff
research staff
Figure 6. Total, Economics and Research Staff of Sveriges Riksbank
Sweden
0
200
400
J. (1998), Credit and Asymmetric Effects of Monetary Policy in Six EU Countries: An Overview, DNB Staff Reports 23/1998, Amsterdam
s1 DeLong, B.J., Summers, L. (1988), How Does Macroeconomic Policy Affect
manufacturer do not have skilled personnel to apply
these fundamental techniques [4], as their staff are main-
ly mechanical, electrical and firmware engineers. This has
been recognized by national [...] cycle are identified and assigned to different
workstations (assistance, radiochemistry, medical staff,
medical physics). The TLDs are calibrated using an area
phantom filled with Tc-99m pertechnetate [...] bischof@oth-aw.de
Acknowledgement:
The authors thank Prof. Dr. Ing. Emmel and his laboratory staff for the access to their 3d-printer and the help with set-
ting up the 3D-prints.
Funding agency:
authors’ personal opinions and do not necessarily reflect the views of the
Deutsche Bundesbank or its staff.
page
Editorial Board: Klaus Düllmann
Frank Heid
Heinz Herrmann
authors’ personal opinions and do not necessarily reflect the views of the
Deutsche Bundesbank or its staff.
page
Editorial Board: Heinz Herrmann
Thilo Liebig
Karl-Heinz Tödter
Research
of the Federal Employment Agency
Regensburger Str. 104
D-90478 Nuremberg
Editorial staff
Regina Stoll, Jutta Palm-Nowak
Technical completion
Jutta Sebald
All rights reserved
Reproduction
173-191.
Blanchard, O., G. Dell’Ariccia & P. Mauro (2010), Rethinking Macroeconomic Policy, IMF
Staff Position Note SPN/10/03, February 12, 2010.
Borio, C. (2014), Monetary policy and financial
to
work and live in the Upper Palatinate.
Since 2012, the number of academic and administrative
staff has grown considerably. This includes the additional
jobs that have been created following the es [...] pathogens
enter the operation room from outside, so that the risk
of contamination of patients, surgical staff and medical
equipment and inventory by germs can be ruled out.
This particularly applies to operations [...] (2009), Sophisticated Monetary Policies, Federal Reserve
Bank of Minneapolis Research Department Staff Report 419, May.
10. Bakhshi, Hasan, Ben Martin & Tony Yates (2002), How Uncertain are the Welfare
support everyday care tasks
and relieve staff. Automation technologies bring many
benefits to healthcare, reducing manual labor, increasing
patient comfort and staff satisfaction.
1 Einleitung
Das [...] that can be used in many
ways. One area of application is radiation protection of
patients and staff during medical treatments in diagnos-
tics and therapy. As part of this research project, it is
examined
By air sampling measurements and
effectiveness studies the use for the patient and the
clinical staff can be estimated in this manner and
optimization possibilities can be compiled. This is a major
it may be necessary to hire additional staff such as radiology technicians that
are familiar with interventional imaging systems. Both new and existing staff may require
outside training to be able [...] different surgical disciplines, interventionalists,
cardiologists and anesthesiologists. Further staff working in these rooms includes nurses
and technicians, resulting in a multitude of requirements [...] clinical applications,
procedural descriptions, imaging and equipment
requirements
Nursing staff (circulating and scrub nurses) Working positions, patient and material logistics
Surgical technicians
Guidotti, P.E., Rodriguez, C.A. (1992), Dollarization in Latin America - Gresham's Law in
Reverse?, IMF Staff Papers, 39, pp. 518-544.
Gutman, P. (1977), The Subterranean Economy, Financial Analysts Journal [...] erve.gov).
Lane, T.D. (1992), Household Demand for Money in Poland - Theory and Evidence, IMF Staff
Papers, 39, pp. 825-854.
85
ECB
Work ing Paper Ser ie s No . 330
April 2004
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