2011, S. 83).8 Die finanzielle Hilfe der neuen Fonds ist ab-
hängig von der Konditionalität der von der Troika mit den betreffenden Ländern ausge-
handelten und überwachten Programme (EEAG 2011, S. 84) [...] unternehmen (Gros
und Mayer 2010, S. 2). Allerdings dürfte der politische Druck auf einen Europäischen
Währungsfonds noch höher sein als der Druck auf den IWF (Fuest 2011, S. 37). Man
kann sich zudem fragen [...] sollte
(Henning 2011, S. 4). Der IWF und die US-Regierung lehnten diesen Vorschlag strikt
ab, da sie fürchteten, ihren Einfluss in Asien zu verlieren (Bordo und James 2010, S.
13). Der IWF argumentierte
aften,
in: J. Mittelstraß u. a.: Enzyklopädie Philosophie und Wissen-
schaftstheorie, Bd. 1, 1995, S. 724–728 • G. Scholz: Zwischen
Wissenschaftsanspruch und Orientierungsbedürfnis, 1991 •
K.-O. Apel: [...] Einleitung in die
Philosophie, 1901 • H. Rickert: Kulturwissenschaft und Na-
turwissenschaft, 1899 • J. S. Mill: A System of Logic, Ratio-
cinative and Inductiv, 1843 • G. Vico: Principj di Scienza
Nuova d’intorno [...] Nennwert dem Gewicht und dem Feingehalt der
Münze. Darauf aufbauende Systeme hatten häufig mit
„Gresham’s Law“ zu kämpfen. Dieses besagt, dass in vie-
len Fällen nur noch Münzen mit geringemMetallgehalt
im
fromFig. 4. Call TS. t]
two different unobservable states S 5 1,2. If thet
2 2state at time t is S then y | N(m , s ). Thet t S St t
8 state S is assumed to follow a first-orderlast at least 12 months [...] A cyclical turning point
P(S 5 juS 5 i, S 5 k, . . . )t t21 t22is thought to occur at the most extreme value of
inflation between two consecutive regimes. 5 P(S 5 juS 5 i) 5 pt t21 ij
2
and O [...] ,y ; l, y )1 2 T 0 points
2 2
5 O . . . O P( y , . . . y , S , . . . S ; l, y )t T 1 T 0 Since Hamilton’s (1989) model was de-
S 51 S 511 T veloped as an alternative treatment of non-
stationary
domestically
and, consequently, (1 − ˇt) the share held abroad:
TtSt = ˇtTtS
d
t + (1 − ˇt)TtS
a
t (4)
or
St = ˇtS
d
t + (1 − ˇt)Sa
t . (4′)
(4′) is a concrete example of the general equation [...] relevant when measuring the Bundesbank’s participation in cash
processing (Deutsche Bundesbank, 2011). Fourth, foreign demand
also has an impact on the Bundesbank’s monetary income (before
it is reallocated [...] rewritten as
ˇj = Sdec,j − Sfeb,j+1
Sd
dec,j
− Sd
feb,j+1
= Sdec,j − Sfeb,j+1
� · �S(tr)
(7′)
where �S(tr) is the difference between the seasonal highs and lows
of the transactions variable.
Wirtschaftspolitik, Bd. 5 (2004), H. 4, S. 423–453.
Hicks, J. R., Mr. Keynes and the „Classics“. A Suggested Interpre-
tation, in: Econometrica, Vol. 5 (1937), No 1, S. 147–159.
Issing, O., V. Gaspar [...] 1861–1957, in: Economica (1958), S. 283–299.
Reimers, H.-E., K.-H. Tödter, P-Star as a Link Between Money
and Prices, in: Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, Vol. 130 (1994),
S. 273–289.
Reither, F., Grundzüge [...] chaften, Vol. 54
(2003), No. 2, S. 131–143.
Romer, D., Keynesian Macroeconomics without the LM Curve, in:
Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 14 (2000), No. 2,
S. 149–169
Scharnagl, M., K.-H.
on einer Sequenz yt,yt + 1, ..., yt + k für alle t, k und s mit der der Sequenz
yt + s,yt + 1 + s, ..., yt + k + s identisch ist (vgl. Tsay, S. 25) bzw. die gemeinsame Verteilungs-
funktion für beliebige [...] erwiesen (vgl.
Greene, S. 717 ff.). Vielfältige Verallgemeinerungen sind möglich und werden in der Pra-
xis angewandt (vgl. Tsay; Verbeek, S. 287 f.).
Literatur:
Asteriou, D./Hall, S.G.: Applied Econometrics [...] auch
für alle s. Erwartungswert, Varianz und Autokovarianzen sind damit unabhängig vom
Zeitpunkt, zu dem sie gemessen werden. Man sagt auch, sie sind zeitinvariant (vgl.
Schmid/Trede, S. 114 f.).
Da
M
2)
2S
-S
Y
S
G
M
M
3)
2S
-S
Y
S
G
M
M
3)
G
L
S1)
G
L
S1)
SY
S
G
M
M
2)
SY
S
G
M
M
2)
2S
-S
Y
S
G
M
M
3)
2S
-S
Y
S
G
M
[...] G
L
S1)
G
L
S1)
SY
S
G
M
M
2)
SY
S
G
M
M
2)
2S
-S
Y
S
G
M
M
3)
2S
-S
Y
S
G
M
M
3)
G
L
S1)
G
L
S1)
SY
S
G
M
M
2)
SY
S
G
M
[...] -
- - - + - - + +- - - - - -
^
^
^ ^
h
h
h h
R
T
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
R
T
S
S
S
S
S
S
SS
9
V
X
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
V
X
W
W
W
W
W
W
WW
C
Table 15
Transaktions-
größen konzentrieren (siehe dazu auch Becker, 1975, S.63f., Cagan, 1958, S. 306f., Galli,
1980, S. 3, Kimball, 1981, S.44f.).
In den Abbildungen 18 und 19 sind die entsprechenden [...] angewen-
det, vgl. Ha (1994), ~ n i e ~ e r l ~ a (l994), S. 13-15.
4 7 ~ ~ = + log (2 x ) +("1 -ist definiert als LL -" ( 2 )- - log f s sR) .
2 2 ) \ N
wobei N die Anzahl der Beobachtungen und [...] Vol. 66, S. 303-328
Calvo, Guillermo A., Kumar, Manmohan S. (1994), Money Demand, Bank Credit, and Eco-
nomic Performance in Former Socialist Economies, IMF Staff Papers, Vol. 41, S. 3 14-349
2014
IV0810_100 + 2 S.E. IV0810_100 IV0810_100 - 2 S.E.
0
1
2
3
4
5
IV I II III IV I II
2012 2013 2014
IV1201_100 + 2 S.E. IV1201_100 IV1201_100 - 2 S.E.
.2
.3
.4
[...]
C + 2 S.E. C C - 2 S.E
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
EASTER + 2 S.E. EASTER [...] - 2 S.E.
30
35
40
45
50
55
IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
DUM0810 + 2 S.E. DUM0810 DUM0810 - 2 S.E.
cash is remunerated by the rate s.10 If s = 0, cash exists as we
know it today. If s > 0, than cash holders would get positive interest rates on cash holdings,
and if s < 0, cash would be “Schwundgeld” [...] on cash (s) we get:
(13‘) A� =
� + �� − �� = A3,� − ��
If cash earns direct interest (s > 0) user costs of cash are reduced, whereas negative direct
interest rates à la Gesell (s < 0) add [...] introduction of negative interest rates
on cash holdings (s < 0). The negative interest rate is reduced in several steps from s = 0 to s =
–0.10. As a result, cash demand is reduced and the velocity
liabilities (“sight deposits”)? Competition would increase on the
liability side of a bank’s business. From the customer’s perspective, branch
banks, direct banks and other financial intermediaries would be [...] estimates for the US, as low as –5 % or even –10 %
(Rogoff 2016). Japan has battled since the 1990s with a mild deflation and is in-
capable to return to an inflation rate in significantly positive territory [...] could form some kind of expec-
tation regarding the likelihood that a check would not bounce. In today’s
environment, it would be much more difficult to use checks as substitutes for
other payment instruments
Economics Working Paper 2002-
04, Rice University.
Cheung, Yin-Wong, and Kon S. Lai (1993), “Finite-Sample Sizes of Johansen’s
Likelihood Ratio Tests for Cointegration”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and [...] variables captur-
ing different aspects of uncertainty, be they economic, financial or geopolitical.
The i’s (i 1,…,6) denote the parameters capturing the effect of the respective
determinants on money holding [...] PKK (Rank 1)
Test statistic p-value
Nyblom Sup F 87.80 0.16
Nyblom Mean 21.51 0.13
PKK S(9) 0.66 0.96
Note: p-values derived from comparison with respective bootstrapped distributions. PKK
Foreign holdings of
U.S. Treasuries and U.S. Treasury yields, Journal of International Money and Finance, 32, 1120-
1143.
BERNANKE B. (2006), Remarks by Chairman Ben S. Bernanke Before the Economic [...] Eigenvalue)
Hypothesized Trace 0.05 Hypothesized Max-Eigen 0.05
No. of CE(s) Eigenvalue Statistic Critical ValueProb.** No. of CE(s) Eigenvalue Statistic Critical ValueProb.**
None * 0.12 84.82 69.82 0.00 [...] 4 0.01 3.67 3.84 0.06
Trace test indicates 1 cointegrating eqn(s) at the 0.05 level Max-eigenvalue test indicates 1 cointegrating eqn(s) at the 0.05 level
* denotes rejection of the hypothesis at the
personal website or
institutional repository. Authors requiring further information
regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are
encouraged to visit:
http://www.elsevier.com/copyright
[...] February 2013
JEL classification:
E41
E42
E58
Keywords:
Banknotes
Euro
Foreign demand
Age
a b s t r a c t
In this paper, we analyze the volume of Euro banknotes issued by Germany and circulating [...] growth
rates for D-Mark currency. Moreover, for each of the seven Euro
denominations, the Bundesbank’s share in net issuance is higher
than its share in the capital of the European Central Bank (ECB) of
9 -13,37%
˙ Toshiba 2,81 -3,44%
˚ Südzucker AG 13,78 8,59%
˚ Bechtle AG 109,2 21,06%
˙ S&T 20,22 -17,33%
˙ Amazon 1638,2 -4,87%
Stand: 27.5.2019
DAX = 12078 (-1,74%)
DAX (normiert*)
kHz50 Hz
P = measured peak power at 4, 6, 13, 40 A
W = energy by integration
0.1 s
1.5
s
4.6
s8.5
s
5 Hz
0.5 Hz
0.05 Hz
5 mHz
Calculated without ohmic losses
P = U I and [...] and Farads.
Ω
===
ω
⋅
ω −
22
1
s
V
As
s
F
d
d
d
dor
d
d R
R
CC
F
s
C
Vs
A
Vs
s
Ω
d
d 22
1 ====
ω −
Z
The method which [...] TELLE-
GEN’s theorem with BRUNE’s pseudo functions, total
power comprises the sum of all active power consumers
(resistors) and reactive power sources (capacitors) in
the network [16].
S = P + j
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
2,0
C = 2 A / 0.0437 V s-1 = 45.8 F
8.
92
s
27
.2
3
s
0.4 U0
0.8 U0
U
/
V
t / s
Nesscap 50 F / 2.7 V
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0,0 [...] 2.7 V, but their conductivity of about 100 mS/cm
comes close to inorganic electrolytes such as sulfuric
acid (850 mS/cm) and potassium hydroxide (620
mS/cm).
a) We investigated different ionic liquids [...] [BMIM]BF4
εr
κ / mS cm-1
1 10 100
0,1
1
10
100
10
kH
z
1 kHz
100 Hz
10 Hz
0,5 Hz
1 Hz
85°C70
604025°C
[EMIM]EtSO4
εr
κ / mS cm-1
N
N
CH3
hohen Bewertungsaufwand (s. Abschnitt 4.1)
• komplexere Bewertungsmethoden zur Beurteilung umfangreicher Prozess-
ketten, ganzer Unternehmen oder bestimmter Produkte (s. Teil 2)
4.1 Übersicht
1995.
25. S. TRASATTI, P. KURZWEIL, Electrochemical Supercapaci-
tors as versatile energy stores, Potential use for platinum
metals, Platinum Metals. Rev. 38 (1994) 46--56.
26. S. TRASATTI, P. [...] effects, Proc.
The 17th International Seminar On Double Layer
Capacitors, Deerfield Beach, FL., U.S.A., December 10-
12, 2007.
8. P. KURZWEIL, M. CHWISTEK, Electrochemical Stability Of
Organic [...] Strategische Aktionsfelder des Patent-
managements (Hrsg. T. Tiefel), DUV-Verlag, Wiesbaden
2006, S. 271–278.
10. P. KURZWEIL, R. GALLAY, Capacitance Determination and
aging studies of supercapacitors
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0
500
7.012.spe
Kinetic Energy (eV)
c/
s
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-Cl1
-A
u2
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u1
-A
g1
AES: Metalloberfläche vor und nach Plasmareinigung
Spannungen auf den niedrigsten
Wert einzustellen
• Die Stromversorgung aller benutzten Geräte (PC’s, Access Point, Förder-
technik, ...) ist durch Betätigung des jeweiligen Hauptschalters, z. B. an
der
rische Zeitung 03.03.2006
Mittelbayerische Zeitung 03.03.2006
Amberger Zeitung 24.02.2006, S. 3
page
P. Kurzweil PK_Chronik2006.doc 08.10.06 3
[...]
liquids, Proc. The 16th International Seminar On Double Layer Capacitors, Deerfield Beach, FL., U.S.A., December 4-6,
2006.
4. P. KURZWEIL, B. FRENZEL, R. GALLAY, Capacitance Characterization Methods [...] Supercapacitors,
Proc. The 15th International Seminar On Double Layer Capacitors, Deerfield Beach, FL., U.S.A., December 6-8, 2005.
5. P. KURZWEIL, Alternative Kraftstoffe und Hybridfahrzeuge – Innovation
and Burgess, S. (1999) ‘New technology and jobs: comparative evidence
from a two country study’, Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 6, forthcoming.
Blundell, R. and Bond, S. (1998) ‘Initial [...]
page
24
Lachenmaier, S. and Rottmann, H. (2006) ‘Employment effects of innovation at the firm
level’, Ifo Working Papers 27, Munich.
Lachenmaier, S and Wößmann, L. (2004) ‘Does innovation [...] use only
one lag of the dependent variable and find a coefficient of about 0.86, in van Reenen’s
(1997) study the sum of two lags varies between 0.4 and 0.8.
The innovation variables also show
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/Com [...] Paper No. 320.
Nickell, S. (1997), Unemployment and Labour Market Rigidities: Europe versus North America.
Journal of Economic Perspectives 11, 55-74.
Nickell, S. (2003), Labour Market Institutions [...] dam.
Nickell, S. and L. Nunziata (2001), Labour Market Institutions Database. Version 2.
www://cep.lse.ac.uk/pubs/download/data0502.zip
page
11
Nickell, S., Nunziata, L. and W