increase their lending to their domestic
nonbank customers, b) increase purchases of net external assets from their domestic nonbank
customers and/or c) exchange long-term deposits of their domestic [...] liquidity, it only changes the composition of their money stock.21 If commercial
banks, however, go bankrupt due to enormous cash withdrawals by their customers (bank
runs), the remaining deposits [...] of
Greek nonbanks with their domestic banking systems declined steeply by 40%, mostly due to
capital flight but also because Greek citizens withdrew cash from their domestic banks (see
figure
cross-border chains of
transactions, criminals are remarkably adept at concealing the origin of their funds.
* We thank C. Miller (Bank [...] Segendorf's (2007)
analysis of the difference between households' incomes and the expenditures. In their view, this
difference captures transactions in the shadow economy which they find to be positively [...] unbalanced panel structure.
The trend behavior of the variables included necessitates an analysis of their stationarity
properties to determine an appropriate specification of the empirical model. However
and the United States, which
aim to reduce the problems of mismatches between the duration of their assets and
liabilities. It is generally perceived that these regulatory changes will favor the [...] level, interest rates should be determined by the supply of and the
demand for loanable funds and their determinants including the production
opportunities in the economy (depending on technological [...] consider the monetary aggregates M1, M2 and MZM and construct growth rates
as well as money gaps as their difference between the actual development and
trend. And finally we take into account the stock
participants of seminars
at the Deutsche Bundesbank and the Oesterreichische Nationalbank for their valuable comments. In
particular, we would like to thank S Arz for his contributions. The opinions [...] central banks in the euro area are connected to TARGET2. There are no constraints on the size of
their balances vis-à-vis the European Central Bank that emerge from the cross-border flow of interbank [...] is again an appropriate reference country as, during the time
when both Germany and France had their national currencies, there were no major differences
between the two with regard to domestic banknote
discussed.
The second section of Chapter II discusses various monetary policy strategies and their adequacy to
the Eurosystem. A monetary policy strategy is defined as the basic thrust of monetary [...] marginal lending facility and the
deposit facility. The individual instruments are described, and their effects characterised, using the
consolidated balance sheet, the "financial statement", of the
the level of real output
rises above trend. The popularity of such rules stems from their simplicity and their
good performance across a wide array of macroeconomic models. In addition, the case [...] change in the
output gap as well as to deviations of (expected) inflation and money growth from their
respective target values. Furthermore, the results suggest that the monetary policy of the
[...] mistakes in estimating the long-run relationships or that, despite the
medium-term orientation of their approach, policymakers still showed some response to
short-run fluctuations in money demand (even
cross-border chains of transactions, criminals are remarkably
adept at concealing the origin of their funds.
The goal of our paper is to shed light on the relationship between the size of the shadow [...] Segendorf's (2007) analysis of the
difference between households' incomes and the expenditures. In their view, this difference captures transactions in the
shadow economy which they find to be positively [...] unbalanced panel structure.8
The trend behavior of the variables included necessitates an analysis of their stationarity properties to determine an
appropriate specification of the empirical model. However
websites are prohibited.
In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the
article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or
institutional repository. Authors requiring further [...] the participants of seminars
at the Deutsche Bundesbank and the Oesterreichische Nationalbank for their
comments. In particular, we are indebted to M. Vogel for his contribution. The
opinions expressed [...] System 2 (CIS2) of the European
Central Bank, all of the Eurosystem national central banks provide
their issuance data on a monthly basis, including the average
volume of banknotes in circulation, the volume
They usually hold a large proportion of their money holdings as
transactions balances, using these balances mainly as a buffer, while slowly adjusting their
portfolio composition. In addition, households’ [...] cointegration relationships by the cross correlation between
their monetary overhang measures suggests that models 2-n and 4-r are quite similar in their assessment of
actual money holdings relative to equilibrium [...] cointegration relationships by the cross correlation between
their monetary overhang measures suggests that models 2-n and 4-r are quite similar in their assessment of
actual money holdings relative to equilibrium
holdings of US dollars. Central banks
also have an interest in monitoring cash developments
because of their role in operating the payment system.
If banknotes are predominantly demanded for hoarding
purposes [...] of cashed checks is available since 1978, and the time series for
debit card payments start with their introduction in 1987. Prior to these dates,
we set the value of the respective series to zero. The [...] 15Stix (2013) presents survey evidence with many respondents reporting that
they allocate part of their savings to cash.
tests are most decisive for the large denominations, where
both tests indicate
money supply. Instead, they adjust it to achieve a target for the interest rate, and they adjust
their interest-rate target in response to movements in output and inflation." oder etwa
Mehrling (2004
necessarily represent those of the Swiss National Bank.
Working Papers describe research in progress. Their aim is to
elicit comments and to further debate.
COPYRIGHT©
The Swiss National Bank (SNB) [...] via the internet, etc.) for
non-commercial purposes and provided that the source is menti-
oned. Their use for commercial purposes is only permitted with
the prior express consent of the SNB.
General [...] of US dollars. Central banks also have an interest in monitoring cash develop-
ments because of their role in operating the payment system. If banknotes are predominantly
demanded for hoarding purposes
specific types of
crisis (technological crisis, financial market crisis,
natural disaster) and their effects on the demand for
cash in an international context. As evidence from
the last 30 years shows [...] 1992/93, the (geo-)political crisis after the
9/11 attacks in 2001 and the Euro crisis in
2010/11. In their nature, however, these crises
were effectively confidence crises and hence
do not differ greatly [...] might
reflect precautionary motives as commer-
cial banks in these countries also quickly
increased their vault cash.19 For the US
dollar, the euro and the Swiss franc, again,
foreign non-transactional
money supply. Instead, they adjust it to achieve
a target for the interest rate, and they adjust their interest-
rate target in response to movements in output and infla-
tion.“
Der Poole‘schen Tradition
insurance differ
significantly in their structure and their yield
opportunities. Due to this in our research report we look
so closely at existing product concepts and their return
characteristics. For this [...]
institutions, monasteries and local education
institutions – partners who are distinguished by their
extraordinary learning environments, specifically
equipped laboratories, attractive facilities or [...] measure
and assess the benefit of sustainability management to
find possibilites for improvement for their engagement.
This paper shows the latest research results to develop
a maturity model for solving
is again an appropriate reference country as, during the
time when both Germany and France had their national
currencies, there were no major differences between the
two with regard to domestic banknote [...] participants of seminars at the Deutsche
Bundesbank and the Oesterreichische Nationalbank for their valuable comments. In particular, we would like to thank S Arz for his
contributions. The opinions [...] central banks in
the euro area are connected to TARGET2. There are no constraints on the size of their balances vis-à-vis the European Central Bank
that emerge from the cross-border flow of interbank
the moment.
Additionally several railway operators took up the topic
“reduction of emissions” in their strategic plans, e.g. the
German railways DB announced a further 15% reduction of
carbon dioxide [...] This estimate
assumes that diesel costs between 0,6 and 0,95 €/litre,
and that passengers value their time saved by higher ac-
celeration at 5 € per hour per passenger. As energy costs
rise, the benefits
key performance indicators for their service
business.
Having taken these five steps into account, companies
were able to increase their profit significantly with their
service business.
Servic [...] if the level of real output rises above trend.
The popularity of such rules stems from their simplicity
and their alleged robustness across a wide array of
macroeconomic models. In addition, the case [...] gap
as well as to deviations of (expected) inflation and money
growth from their respective target values. Furthermore,
their results suggest that the monetary policy of the
Bundesbank was characterised
help them settle in – during
their studies and beyond.
The University strives to provide the young students with a
clear perspective and to prepare them for their studies at OTH
Amberg-Weiden [...] courses and have their participation recognised as
credit points.
The intercultural experience of students, teaching staff and
employees does not only contribute to their personal growth [...]
English-taught modules;
requesting the candidates in tenure procedures to demons-
trate their willingness and ability to carry out English-spoken
lectures and courses;
attracting more
can choose from a variety of extra-curricular courses and
activities to sharpen their skills and broaden their minds.
These include language courses, sports activities or practical projects, which
Transitional arrangements
(1) For students who were enrolled on a degree programme accompanying their training
when these regulations came into force, this degree programme remains free of charge [...] regulations of the Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule
Amberg-Weiden come into force on the day after their announcement.
Amberg, 19/12/2023
signed.
able to follow lectures and administrative procedures in English. Students majoring in
Chinese at their home university and want to take regular classes of the program
“Chinese Language and Literature”
promote and support Ukrainian students
and young academics in Germany, i.e. Ukrainian citizens who had their center of life in
Ukraine until 24.2.2022 and/or who came to Germany in the winter semester 21/22
insurance
All students, regardless of their home country, age and insurance status need to contact a
German statutory health insurance provider and ask it to confirm their current insurance sta-
tus by sending [...] international students who have already gone through the process of finding
a room about their experiences and recorded their suggestions for new students. Although
they are studying at the Weiden Campus, more [...] Nuremberg). The monthly
rent of their rooms in shared flats was around 500 Euros and most of them paid a deposit of
1-2 month’s rent.
These students found their rooms via Facebook groups, eBay K
can choose from a variety of extra-curricular courses and
activities to sharpen their skills and broaden their minds.
These include language courses, sports activities or practical projects, which [...]
can choose from a variety of extra-curricular courses and
activities to sharpen their skills and broaden their minds.
These include language courses, sports activities or practical projects, which