of payment media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Figure 3: Share of cash and cards in retail trade according to the EHI . . . . . . . . . 18
Figure 4: Shares of payment media in 2011: [...] . . 45
Figure 23: Cashless payment media in Germany (quantity) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Figure 24: Cashless payment media in Germany (value) . . . . . . . . . . [...] the costs associated with payment media. It
focuses on cash and card payments. We will then try to quantify the significance of
payment transactions and payment media for Germany applying a demand-based
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decreases, in which case Iit would be
negative. However, despite the spread of cashless payments media, only very
few countries to date experience a decline in banknote demand in nominal
terms.
estimator
decreases, in which case Iit would be negative. However, despite the spread of cashless payments media,
only very few countries to date experience a decline in banknote demand in nominal terms.
13
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11 See on this point Markose and Loke, 2003, who look at the interdependencies between payments media use,
network effects and interest rates.
12 Bindseil and Seitz, 2001, analyse banknotes in circulation [...] histories. Shy and Tarkka, 2002, theoretically analyse the markets for three different payments media,
80
ECB
Work ing Paper Ser ie s No . 330
April 2004
page
References
Aksoy, Y., Piskorski [...] Demand, Bank of Finland Bulletin
3/1993, pp. 8-13.
Virén, M. (1994), Demand for Different Payment Media in Finland, Bank of Finland Bulletin
2/1994, pp. 12-16.
Vuchelen J., van Hove, L. (2001), The
evidence that cash is systematically slower as a
means of payment at the POS than other payments media.
(Table 2: Continued)
page
Pros and Cons of Cash: The State of the Debate 27
Credit
Research Discussion Papers no. 11.
ten Raa, T. & V. Shestalova (2004), Empirical Evidence on Payment Media Costs and
Switch Points, Journal of Banking & Finance 28, S. 203 – 213.
Tobin, J. (1956), The
way commit the OeNB.
Imprint: Responsibility according to Austrian media law: Wolfdietrich Grau, Secretariat of the
Board of Executive Directors, Oesterreichische Nationalbank
and non-cash payments in France in 2019.5 In volume terms,
cash was still the dominant payment media (59 %), whereas in value terms cash only
accounted for 25 % of payments. Both figures are sig [...] due to the reduced use of cash for
transaction purposes. Sixth, alternative cashless payment media exert a negative influence on
the use of all three denominational groups. The higher the volume
Zahlung von über 1,53 Milliarden US Dollar Schadensersatz an Alcatel-Lucent
verurteilt. Der Windows-Media-Player verletzt dem Urteil zufolge ein Patent von Alcatel-Lucent für
Audio-CodecS. Vgl. Gehring (2007)
2012, a group of 47 scientists, representatives from regulatory agencies, NGOs,
businesses and from media assembled in Wildbad-Kreuth, Germany, to explore whether and to what extent
the resilience theory
Rajapakse, J.P., Scutt, J.E. (1999): Denitrification with natural gas and various new
growth media. Wat. Res. 33 (18), 3723–3734.
page
Rhee, G.Y., Fuhs, G.W. (1978): Wastewater den
the
reduced use of cash for transaction purposes.
− Sixth, alternative cashless payment media exert a negative influence on the use of all three denominational
groups.
− Seventh, uncertainty
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generally not the case indicating that cash is substituted more and
more by cashless payment media for low value payments
-20
-15
-10
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05
10
15
AT BE CY DE EE ES FI
decreases, in which case Iit would be negative. However, despite the spread of cashless payments media,
only very few countries to date experience a decline in banknote demand in nominal terms.
13
different denominations of the euro
legacy currencies may change over time. Moreover, the payments media used
in transactions are not constant. On the one hand, it may be argued that the
introduction of [...] As far as the transactions demand for currency
is concerned, replacement of cash by other payments media, especially debit
and credit cards, is influenced by the extent of ATM and EFTPOS densities
in different [...] histories. Shy and
Tarkka, 2002, theoretically analyze the markets for three different payments media, electronic
cash cards, currency and debit and credit cards. They show how the transaction domain
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