different denominations of the euro
legacy currencies may change over time. Moreover, the payments media used
in transactions are not constant. On the one hand, it may be argued that the
introduction of [...] As far as the transactions demand for currency
is concerned, replacement of cash by other payments media, especially debit
and credit cards, is influenced by the extent of ATM and EFTPOS densities
in different [...] histories. Shy and
Tarkka, 2002, theoretically analyze the markets for three different payments media, electronic
cash cards, currency and debit and credit cards. They show how the transaction domain
of payment media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Figure 3: Share of cash and cards in retail trade according to the EHI . . . . . . . . . 18
Figure 4: Shares of payment media in 2011: [...] . . 45
Figure 23: Cashless payment media in Germany (quantity) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Figure 24: Cashless payment media in Germany (value) . . . . . . . . . . [...] the costs associated with payment media. It
focuses on cash and card payments. We will then try to quantify the significance of
payment transactions and payment media for Germany applying a demand-based
way commit the OeNB.
Imprint: Responsibility according to Austrian media law: Wolfdietrich Grau, Secretariat of the
Board of Executive Directors, Oesterreichische Nationalbank
institutions are essential.
An issue widely discussed internationally, also with respect to payments media, is
sustainability. This is usually only discussed with respect to the environment, i. e., the
very low level of interest rates. Moreover and
specifically, we ask what role cashless payment media play in the evolution of the demand
for banknotes. Our paper is closely related to Seitz and Setzer [...] shifts upwards.
Closely related to opportunity costs of holding banknotes are alternative payment media. In
addition to the pressure from existing means of payment (eg, debit and credit cards), cash [...] and could thus increase
currency in circulation. As a result, the effect of cashless payment media on currency demand
is ambiguous.
8 An overview
decreases, in which case Iit would be negative. However, despite the spread of cashless payments media,
only very few countries to date experience a decline in banknote demand in nominal terms.
13
annotation https://www.philadelphiafed.org/-/media/frbp/assets/consumer-finance/discussion-papers/HurricaneKatrinaJan06.pdf https://www.philadelphiafed.org/-/media/frbp/assets/consumer-finance/discussion- [...] annotation https://www.philadelphiafed.org/-/media/frbp/assets/consumer-finance/discussion-papers/HurricaneKatrinaJan06.pdf https://www.philadelphiafed.org/-/media/frbp/assets/consumer-finance/discussion- [...] annotation https://www.philadelphiafed.org/-/media/frbp/assets/consumer-finance/discussion-papers/HurricaneKatrinaJan06.pdf https://www.philadelphiafed.org/-/media/frbp/assets/consumer-finance/discussion-
Terminals sollen bis
spätestens 2020 abgelöst werden.
13 Aldi Nord, Lidl und Netto ebenso wie Media Markt und Saturn haben
im Juni 2015 angekündigt, dass sie nun Karten internationaler Karten-
systeme
Matters", Dalinghaus (2017) examines a range of institutional, legal, scholarly, policy and news
media sources to understand the current state of debate about – and evidence for – the links between cash [...] demand; 4) the number and value of debit and credit card transactions as alternative payment
media and 5) the share of the shadow economy in GDP. The sample runs from 2002.q1 – 2017.q4. All variables
evidence that cash is systematically slower as a
means of payment at the POS than other payments media.
(Table 2: Continued)
page
Pros and Cons of Cash: The State of the Debate 27
Credit
decreases, in which case Iit would be
negative. However, despite the spread of cashless payments media, only very
few countries to date experience a decline in banknote demand in nominal
terms.
estimator
nly false
/PDFXNoTrimBoxError true
/PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset [
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
]
/PDFXSetBleedBoxToMediaBox true
/PDFXBleedBoxToTrimBoxOffset [
0.00000
Research Discussion Papers no. 11.
ten Raa, T. & V. Shestalova (2004), Empirical Evidence on Payment Media Costs and
Switch Points, Journal of Banking & Finance 28, S. 203 – 213.
Tobin, J. (1956), The
generally not the case indicating that cash is substituted more and
more by cashless payment media for low value payments
-20
-15
-10
-05
00
05
10
15
AT BE CY DE EE ES FI
Zahlung von über 1,53 Milliarden US Dollar Schadensersatz an Alcatel-Lucent
verurteilt. Der Windows-Media-Player verletzt dem Urteil zufolge ein Patent von Alcatel-Lucent für
Audio-CodecS. Vgl. Gehring (2007)
Patent Engineering, Medical
Technology, Geoinformatics & Land Management,
Motorsport Engineering, Media Technology &
Production, or Energy Efficiency, to name a few.
Boost your career by benefiting [...] 4 5 3
MBUT
Mechanical Engineering and Environmental Technology
EMI
Electrical Engineering, Media and Computer Science
WEBIS
Weiden Business School
WIG
Industrial Engineering and Health
bachelor
Engineering, Media and Informatics
� Applied Informatics
� Electrical Engineering and IT
� Media Production and Media TechnologyB
a
ch
e
lo
r
� IT und Automation
� Media Production and Media Technology
irksame Medien (Präsentationen auf Veranstaltungen, Internetauftritt,
Broschüren, Flyer, Social Media, etc.) genutzt werden.
Datum:
Unterschrift:
Bitte schicke dieses Dokument an: isc@oth-aw
during the International Buddy Program may be used for publicity
media (presentations at events, website, brochures, flyers, social media, etc.)
Date:
Signature:
Please send this document to:
nly true
/PDFXNoTrimBoxError false
/PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset [
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
]
/PDFXSetBleedBoxToMediaBox true
/PDFXBleedBoxToTrimBoxOffset [
0.00000
during the International Buddy Program may be used for publicity
media (presentaions at events, website, brochures, flyers, social media, etc.)
Date:
Signature:
Please send this document to:
decreases, in which case Iit would be negative. However, despite the spread of cashless payments media,
only very few countries to date experience a decline in banknote demand in nominal terms.
13
the
reduced use of cash for transaction purposes.
− Sixth, alternative cashless payment media exert a negative influence on the use of all three denominational
groups.
− Seventh, uncertainty
Leistungselektronik, Messtechnik, Schaltungstechnik bis
hin zur Audio- und Videotechnik in den Multi-Media-
Laboren der Fakultät.
In einem Master-Studiengang „IT und Automation" an der
Fakultät Elektrotechnik [...] (etwa: Multimedia-
Programmierer für computergestützte Informations- und
Kundendienste (etwa: Social Media Manager)
• im redaktionellen Bereich (etwa: Multimedia-
Redakteur, Videojournalist)
• im ges
Engineering,
Media and Computer Science
Bachelor Programs
Industrial Internet Informatics
Media Informatics
Electrical Engineering & Information Technology
Media Production and Media Technology
G [...] Education
Artificial Intelligence
Master Programs
Industrial Information Technology
Media Technology & Media Production
Applied Research in Engineering Sciences
Department of Mechanical Engineering