hiness
is approximated by firm–specific factors, e.g. the firms’ assessment of
their current business situation and their business expectations. After
controlling for the banks’ refinancing costs, which [...] problem by looking at the characteristics of
firms that observed reductions in their bank credit volumes. However, since
their dependent variable was credit volume, the identification problem still re- [...] business (statebus) and
their business expectations for the next six months (comexp) as a proxy for the
quality of the borrower. The survey respondents can characterize their state
of the business
networking in a variety of ways. The networked products force companies to rethink
their business models and industries - their strategy, relationships with customers and
suppliers, processes and structures [...] the digital solution space, and 4) developing the roadmap. The phases are explained
in terms of their objectives, activities and tools.
Keywords: Digital strategy, digitalization, innovation
legal point of view. The system of financing the public debt of
most of European Member States by their home banking system could hurt the guarantee of
property and the principle of equal treatment if
private providers can exclude clients through the fees they charge for their services. Even bank clients that enjoy free withdrawals
at their bank’s ATM networks pay indirectly for it through other fees or interest [...] ensure minimal access to
cash. In the Netherlands, the largest banks have pooled their ATM network
reducing their costs for maintaining the infrastructure. In Ireland, the UK and
Australia post offices [...] excluded from using them. Economic theory suggests that, without the
participation of the government, their provision cannot be guaranteed.
• Cash is a good of public access. Its tangibility makes it suitable
and the United States, which
aim to reduce the problems of mismatches between the duration of their assets and liabilities.
It is generally perceived that these regulatory changes will favor the [...] policy, the business cycle and inflation expectations. Although the out-of-sample
performance of their model was good, they conclude that, "there are hints of some instabilities
in the last years" [...] Pradhan (2006) find that a conundrum no longer exists. They
state that "a drop of bond yields below their fair value such as the one seen last year did not
represent a break with past pattern and, as
Evans, 2005, among others).
However, Beck & Wieland actually base their assumption on a couple of studies
supporting their view of relatively long-lasting misperceptions (see, e.g., Orphanides [...] highlight financial intermediaries' role in determining the price of risk. As these
expand their balance sheets, their risk-bearing capacity increases and risk premiums
fall. Thus, balance sheet quantities [...] various financial intermediaries and their respective balance sheet
quantities. First, the information provided by institutions that are marking-to-market
their balance sheet items is of superior
member countries. Reciprocally, foreign companies who want to distri-
bute their products in China have to register their marks or logos with the Chinese
[...] owners may wish to consider registering
their copyright ownership at China’s National Copyright Administration (NCA) in order to
establish evidence of their ownership.42
In 1998, China established [...] organizations will not copy their innovations. Therefore, the lack
of trust generated by the deficiencies of law does not motivate innovators and scientists
to share their knowledge.
IT often
and the United States, which
aim to reduce the problems of mismatches between the duration of their assets and liabilities.
It is generally perceived that these regulatory changes will favor the [...] policy, the business cycle and inflation expectations. Although the out-of-sample
performance of their model was good, they conclude that, "there are hints of some instabilities
in the last years" [...] Pradhan (2006) find that a conundrum no longer exists. They
state that "a drop of bond yields below their fair value such as the one seen last year did not
represent a break with past pattern and, as
instruments, do not have to care for their financial standing.
Therefore, they can undertake more risky investments and their customers, assured about insuring
their means, can be more passive. The [...] Compensation Directive 1997/9/EC – ICD.
This Directive obliges all member countries to establish on their territories at least one obligatory
system. Partial risk transfer means that the protection concerns [...] of the importance of the globalization process and consequently other
risks, should also model their investor protection systems.
2. Why should small investors be protected?
Keeping
beginning of their diffusion, which could be very disappointing for those who act as early
adopters. Back in 1995 Gartner Inc. first described this effect with it′s “Hype Cycle”. Ac-
tually in their Hype
Evans, 2005, among others).
However, Beck & Wieland actually base their assumption on a couple of studies
supporting their view of relatively long-lasting misperceptions (see, e.g., Orphanides [...] highlight financial intermediaries' role in determining the price of risk. As these
expand their balance sheets, their risk-bearing capacity increases and risk premiums
fall. Thus, balance sheet quantities [...] various financial intermediaries and their respective balance sheet
quantities. First, the information provided by institutions that are marking-to-market
their balance sheet items is of superior
ESG score as a control variable in their analysis of cumulative
stock returns. Their results for Europe are consistent with ours reported in table C5. Since their study has a
different focus, they do [...] the portfolio with the highest Sharpe ratio for their preferred ESG score. In contrast,
unaware investors do not incorporate ESG information into their decision-making.
2. Gillan, Koch, and Starks (2021) [...] March
20, 2020, which was triggered by the pandemic. Their findings are in line with those
of Demers et al. (2021), who document in their US sample that, after controlling for
industry affiliation
problems like the
sovereign debt crisis mainly due to their inability to enforce EU member countries to reduce
their budget deficits and to their failure to force EMU members to comply with the rules [...] the IMF elaborated the
economic adjustment programs for these economies and closely monitored their progress
through quarterly reviews based on economic missions.
The active role of the IMF [...] participate
in the rescue programs? Was it a sign of weakness of the European institutions to solve their
problems alone and/or did the Europeans want to use the outstanding expertise of the IMF in
companies have to expand their service
portfolio. In addition to that executives have to answer the question, whether existing services
generate profit and provide value to their customers. This paper deals [...] B.N.; Gemünden, H.G.; Aubry, M., 2012: The three roles of a project portfolio
management office: Their impact on portfolio management execution and success.
International Journal of Project Management
values in their business life. Usage of IT and
communication tools is integral part of their business and private life. However,
employees of Gen. Y need support to strengthen their awareness about
sectional innovation survey. Their results show that innovating firms (and innovative
sectors) have created more new jobs than non-innovating firms (less innovative sectors).
Their results suggest that [...] economic
measures is extensive. Researchers have been analyzing this task for a long time, and their
analyses differ mainly in the methodology and the data available. What we will concentrate
[...] between these two points in time. Brouwer et al.
(1993) are in this line of literature with their analysis of Netherlands data of 1984 and
1989. The authors show a negative effect of total R&D
instruments, do not have to care for their financial standing.
Therefore, they can undertake more risky investments and their customers, assured about insuring
their means, can be more passive. The [...] Compensation Directive 1997/9/EC – ICD.
This Directive obliges all member countries to establish on their territories at least one obligatory
system. Partial risk transfer means that the protection concerns [...] of the importance of the globalization process and consequently other
risks, should also model their investor protection systems.
2. Why should small investors be protected?
Keeping
and Spain) were
able to improve their relative price competitiveness and thus their bilateral current account
balance against Germany by a depreciation of their currencies against the D-Mark. A nominal [...] bear problems that were already
discussed. German households can expand their spending only marginally without raising their
indebtedness, because the tax burden in Germany is very high. A large [...] is not a zero sum
game. Increasing German exports contribute to growth in other economies due to their high
import content. It does not make sense to raise German imports artificially via “push button”
Evans, 2005, among others).
However, Beck & Wieland actually base their assumption on a couple of studies
supporting their view of relatively long-lasting misperceptions (see, e.g., Orphanides [...] highlight financial intermediaries' role in determining the price of risk. As these
expand their balance sheets, their risk-bearing capacity increases and risk premiums
fall. Thus, balance sheet quantities [...] various financial intermediaries and their respective balance sheet
quantities. First, the information provided by institutions that are marking-to-market
their balance sheet items is of superior
B.N.; Gemünden, H.G.; Aubry, M., 2012: The three roles of a project portfolio
management office: Their impact on portfolio management execution and success. International
Journal of Project Management
rising fund
volumes SWFs began to diversify their assets.
As some SWFs started to disclose their investments one can draw a clearer picture of their
behaviour and strategy even if much remains [...] immediate call on their assets. Their
investments are normally unleveraged and they have an interest in pursuing portfolio
reallocations gradually to limit adverse price effects of their transactions [...] found in
table 1. Table 1 contains the size of the funds, their origin (commodity or non-commodity
based), as well as the year of their inception.6 The ten largest funds combined have a volume
meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future genera-
tions to meet their own needs."23
Daraus folgt, dass Nachhaltigkeit einerseits jenes Handeln ist, das die Bedürfnisse
Miller and Volker (1984) and Arabsheibani (1989) base their analysis on compar-
isons between the salaries of workers in occupations relevant to their educational qualification
to those with the same [...] However, over time and depending on how fast employers learn about the
true productivity of their employees, their importance (and hence the signalling value of education)
diminishes. The faster they learn [...] firms are quick in adjusting their expectations.
A slightly different approach is tested by Albrecht and van Ours (2006) who compare formal with
informal hiring methods. Their hypothesis is that firms
problems like the
sovereign debt crisis mainly due to their inability to enforce EU member countries to reduce
their budget deficits and to their failure to force EMU members to comply with the rules [...] the IMF elaborated the
economic adjustment programs for these economies and closely monitored their progress
through quarterly reviews based on economic missions.
The active role of the IMF [...] participate
in the rescue programs? Was it a sign of weakness of the European institutions to solve their
problems alone and/or did the Europeans want to use the outstanding expertise of the IMF in
participants of seminars
at the Deutsche Bundesbank and the Oesterreichische Nationalbank for their valuable comments. In
particular, we would like to thank S Arz for his contributions. The opinions [...] central banks in the euro area are connected to TARGET2. There are no constraints on the size of
their balances vis-à-vis the European Central Bank that emerge from the cross-border flow of interbank [...] is again an appropriate reference country as, during the time
when both Germany and France had their national currencies, there were no major differences
between the two with regard to domestic banknote