experiencing a credit crunch.
Following Udell (2009), “economists generally define a credit crunch as a
significant contraction in the supply of credit reflected in a tightening of credit
conditions [...] observed reductions in their bank credit volumes. However, since
their dependent variable was credit volume, the identification problem still re-
mained and credit supply shifts had to be identified [...]
climatesector -14.04 23.21 -70.6 53.6 56946
Notes: credit = 1, if the firms assess the banks’ credit supply policy as “restrictive”, credit =
0, if the firms indicate “normal” or “accommodating”
experiencing a credit crunch.
Following Udell (2009), “economists generally define a credit crunch as a
significant contraction in the supply of credit reflected in a tightening of credit
conditions [...] observed reductions in their bank credit volumes. However, since
their dependent variable was credit volume, the identification problem still re-
mained and credit supply shifts had to be identified [...]
climatesector -14.04 23.21 -70.6 53.6 56946
Notes: credit = 1, if the firms assess the banks’ credit supply policy as “restrictive”, credit =
0, if the firms indicate “normal” or “accommodating”
experiencing a credit crunch.
Following Udell (2009), “economists generally define a credit crunch as a
significant contraction in the supply of credit reflected in a tightening of credit
conditions [...] on of Credit Crunches
Keywords CESifo Working Paper no. 3159
credit crunch, loan supply, surveys, nonlinear binary outcome panel-data models
Keywords CESifo Working Paper no. 3159
credit crunch [...] observed reductions in their bank credit volumes. However, since
their dependent variable was credit volume, the identification problem still re-
mained and credit supply shifts had to be identified
10:11:13Z
page
Credit Points Prüfung Credit Points Prüfung Credit Points Prüfung Credit Points Prüfung Credit Points Prüfung Credit Points Prüfung
Ʃ Credits Ʃ SWS Ʃ Tests
30 24 5 5 1 5 [...] 5 -
Ʃ Credits Ʃ SWS Ʃ Tests
30 24 5 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 -
Ʃ Credits Ʃ SWS Ʃ Tests
30 24 5 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 -
Ʃ Credits Ʃ SWS Ʃ Tests
30 24 5 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 -
Ʃ Credits Ʃ SWS Ʃ [...] 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 -
Ʃ Credits Ʃ SWS Ʃ Tests
30 24 5 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 -
Ʃ Credits
30
Ʃ Credits Ʃ SWS Ʃ Tests
30 13 5 5 1 5 1 5 1 12 + 3 2
SUMME 240 Credits
Bachelorarbeit & Bachel
availability. Within credit variables, we distinguish between three main groups: credit growth, credit
impulse, and credit standards. As regards the first group, in general all credit growth variables [...] Treasuries) 18
The credit variables we evaluate are the following:
Bank credit of commercial banks (total and break-adjusted)
Credit to private Depository Institutions
Credit to the private domestic [...] and
consumer loans excluding credit cards; willingness to lend to consumers)19
Credit impulse which is based on the change in the flow of credit of different credit aggregates
* UniCredit Research is the joint research department of UniCredit Bank AG (UniCredit Bank), UniCredit CAIB Group (UniCredit CAIB), UniCredit Securities (UniCredit Securities),
UniCredit Menkul [...] advice.
Neither UniCredit Bank AG, UniCredit Bank AG London Branch, UniCredit CAIB AG, UniCredit Bank AG Milan Branch, UniCredit CAIB Securities UK Ltd., UniCredit Securities,
UniCredit Menkul Değerler A [...] of interest, UniCredit Bank AG, UniCredit Bank AG London Branch, UniCredit CAIB AG, UniCredit Bank AG Milan Branch, UniCredit CAIB
Securities UK Ltd., UniCredit Securities, UniCredit Menkul Değerler A
* UniCredit Research is the joint research department of UniCredit Bank AG (UniCredit Bank), UniCredit CAIB Group (UniCredit CAIB), UniCredit Securities (UniCredit Securities),
UniCredit Menkul [...] advice.
Neither UniCredit Bank AG, UniCredit Bank AG London Branch, UniCredit CAIB AG, UniCredit Bank AG Milan Branch, UniCredit CAIB Securities UK Ltd., UniCredit Securities,
UniCredit Menkul Değerler A [...] of interest, UniCredit Bank AG, UniCredit Bank AG London Branch, UniCredit CAIB AG, UniCredit Bank AG Milan Branch, UniCredit CAIB
Securities UK Ltd., UniCredit Securities, UniCredit Menkul Değerler A
(60 credit points)
- Intercultural competence (20 credit points)
- Language (one language for 4 semesters (20 credit points)
- Soft skill modules (15 credit points)
- Practical phase (25 credit points) [...] .
(6) 1The course of study comprises a total of 210 credit points, whereby a module generally
comprises 5 credit points. 2For each credit point, a workload of 30 hours is assumed for the
students [...] Course structure and credits
(1) The programme comprises the following study structure:
- Basic modules (20 credit points)
- Basic business administration modules (35 credit points)
- Advanced
der Spread-Analyse, da sich Verände-
rungen im Credit Spread unmittelbar
auf ihre Finanzierungskonditionen
auswirken. Drittens lässt sich anhand
eines Credit-Spread-Modells ein Fair
Value von Anleihen bestimmen [...] nach Mikro- und Makrodeter-
minanten von Credit Spreads, zu-
sammen mit den theoretisch zu er-
wartenden Vorzeichen kompakt dar.
Schätzergebnisse
Der Credit Spread wird mit Hilfe
eines mikroökonometrischen [...] Börsen-Zeitung, 15.1.2009
In den letzten Jahren gewann bei Fi-
nanzmarktanalysen die Untersu-
chung von Credit Spreads, vor allem
auch in Europa, zunehmend an Be-
deutung. Dies hatte verschiedene Ur-
sachen:
gleichwertiger in- oder ausländischer Abschluss, dessen Umfang in der Re-
gel 210 ECTS-Credits1, mindestens jedoch 180 Credits umfasst. Als einschlägig
gelten Studiengänge, die auf Grundlagen aus der Ingenieur- [...] ersten Studienabschluss mit weni-
ger als 210 Credits vorweisen, ist die Voraussetzung für das Bestehen der Mas-
terprüfung der Nachweis der fehlenden Credits aus dem fachlich einschlägigen
grundständigen [...]
1
Leistungspunkte nach dem European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS), im Folgenden kurz
mit Credits bezeichnet.
page
Seite 4 von 12
§
Für die erbrachten Studienleistungen werden Credits, Leistungspunkte nach dem
European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS), vergeben. Ein Credit
entspricht im Durchschnitt einer Arbeitsbelastung [...] gleichwertiger in- oder ausländischer Abschluss, dessen Umfang in der Re-
gel 210 ECTS-Credits1, mindestens jedoch 180 Credits umfasst. Als einschlägig
gelten Studiengänge, die auf Grundlagen aus der Ingenieur- [...] ersten Studienabschluss mit weni-
ger als 210 Credits vorweisen, ist die Voraussetzung für das Bestehen der Mas-
terprüfung der Nachweis der fehlenden Credits aus dem fachlich einschlägigen
grundständigen
Receiving Institution
(as indicated in the course catalogue7)
Semester
Number of ECTS credits (or equivalent)8
to be awarded by the Receiving
Institution upon successful completion
[...] Sending Institution
(as indicated in the course catalogue)
Semester
Number of ECTS credits (or equivalent)
to be recognised by the Sending
Institution
[...] and should be available to the student.
The Sending Institution commits to recognise all the credits or equivalent units gained at the Receiving Institution for the successfully completed educational
granting of credit to the money-
holding sector. Unfortunately, many theoretical models
do not explicitly distinguish between outside (or base)
money and inside money. Indeed, money and credit
are [...] money might technically be
linked to credit via the balance sheet identity and
despite the fact that many modern macro models
explicitly deal with credit (see section 3) or investigate
money’s [...] existence of money (Thornton, 2000, 35).
Assets Liabilities
Credit to general government
Loans
Securities
Credit to private sector
Loans
Securities
Net claims on non-residents
and credits
(1) Annex 1 to these programme and examination regulations contains an overview of the modules, the
type of courses, the credits to be earned, the credit points awarded (ECTS credit points) [...] semesters or an equivalent degree, the scope of which generally comprises 210 ECTS
credit points, but at least 180 ECTS credit points.
(2) The higher education qualification under subsection 1 must have [...] compulsory elective modules, for each of which ECTS credit points are earned upon successful completion of the respective module. Overall, the ECTS credit points for each
group as defined in the programme
and credits
(1) Annex 1 to these programme and examination regulations contains an overview of the modules, the type
of courses, the credits to be earned, the credit points awarded (ECTS credit points) [...] semesters, or an equivalent degree, the scope of which generally comprises 210 ECTS credit
points, but at least 180 ECTS credit points. Furthermore, the following is required: proof of sufficient knowledge [...] compulsory elective modules, for each of which ECTS credit points are earned upon successful completion of the respective module. Overall, the ECTS credit points for each
group as defined in the programme
banks’ granting
of credit. On the other hand, it neglects the fact that a credit economy would in any
case give rise to money as a medium of exchange (Thornton, 2000, 51ff.). Credit
promises are [...] granting of credit to the money-holding sector.
Unfortunately, many theoretical models do not explicitly distinguish between outside
(or base) money and inside money. Indeed, money and credit are linked [...] (inside) money might technically be linked to credit via the balance sheet
identity and despite the fact that many modern macro models explicitly deal with
credit (see section 3) or investigate money’s
banks’ granting
of credit. On the other hand, it neglects the fact that a credit economy would in any
case give rise to money as a medium of exchange (Thornton, 2000, 51ff.). Credit
promises are [...] granting of credit to the money-holding sector.
Unfortunately, many theoretical models do not explicitly distinguish between outside
(or base) money and inside money. Indeed, money and credit are linked [...] (inside) money might technically be linked to credit via the balance sheet
identity and despite the fact that many modern macro models explicitly deal with
credit (see section 3) or investigate money’s
banks’ granting
of credit. On the other hand, it neglects the fact that a credit economy would in any
case give rise to money as a medium of exchange (Thornton, 2000, 51ff.). Credit
promises are [...] granting of credit to the money-holding sector.
Unfortunately, many theoretical models do not explicitly distinguish between outside
(or base) money and inside money. Indeed, money and credit are linked [...] (inside) money might technically be linked to credit via the balance sheet
identity and despite the fact that many modern macro models explicitly deal with
credit (see section 3) or investigate money’s
banks’ granting
of credit. On the other hand, it neglects the fact that a credit economy would in any
case give rise to money as a medium of exchange (Thornton, 2000, 51ff.). Credit
promises are [...] granting of credit to the money-holding sector.
Unfortunately, many theoretical models do not explicitly distinguish between outside
(or base) money and inside money. Indeed, money and credit are linked [...] (inside) money might technically be linked to credit via the balance sheet
identity and despite the fact that many modern macro models explicitly deal with
credit (see section 3) or investigate money’s
banks’ granting
of credit. On the other hand, it neglects the fact that a credit economy would in any
case give rise to money as a medium of exchange (Thornton, 2000, 51ff.). Credit
promises are [...] granting of credit to the money-holding sector.
Unfortunately, many theoretical models do not explicitly distinguish between outside
(or base) money and inside money. Indeed, money and credit are linked [...] (inside) money might technically be linked to credit via the balance sheet
identity and despite the fact that many modern macro models explicitly deal with
credit (see section 3) or investigate money’s
Methodenbasis des Credit Management – Teil 1, Lehrmaterialien zum Certified
Credit Manager.
Hock (2016), Scoring Modelle: 12 Fragen und Antworten, White Paper des Bundesverbandes für Credit Manage-
ment. [...] können den
Credit Manager dabei unterstützen und seine Effizienz steigern. Im Gegensatz zur
traditionellen Bonitätsprüfung, die maßgeblich auf den persönlichen Erfahrun-
gen des Credit Managers beruht [...]
1
Das Fortschreiten der digitalen Möglichkeiten verändert den Verantwortungsbe-
reich des Credit Managers nachhaltig. Die zunehmende Verfügbarkeit relevan-
ter Kundeninformationen wird den Blick
(Continue next page)
page
26 Malte Krueger and Franz Seitz
Credit and Capital Markets 1 / 2018
Cash Cards Debit Credit
Germany 2004 (€) 0.36 0.82 2.73
Belgium 1998 (€) 0.56 0.64 [...] (2013): Ein Drei-Punkte-Plan zur Reformierung der Geldpolitik, Credit and
Capital Markets 46-4, pp. 425–441.
– (2017): Money and credit: lessons of the Irish bank strike of 1970, ROME Discussion
Paper [...] :producer Adobe PDF Library 10.0.1
pdf:docinfo:created 2018-02-28T12:32:13Z
page
Credit and Capital Markets 1 / 2018
Pros and Cons of Cash: The State of the Debate
Malte Krueger
with a total of 90 ECTS credits.
(2) The Master's thesis is written in the last semester of full-time study.
(3) 1Students with a first degree with 210 ECTS credits may begin their studies [...] not possible for students with an initial degree with 210 ECTS credits to begin their studies.
3
Students with
less than 210 ECTS credits in their first degree can only begin their studies in the winter [...] of study or an equivalent degree, the scope of which usually comprises 210 ECTS credits, but at least
180 ECTS credits. 2Graduates of a Bachelor's degree programme with less than 210 (but at least 180)
banks’ granting of credit. On the other hand, it neglects the fact that a
credit economy would in any case give rise to money as a medium of exchange
(Thornton, 2000, 51ff.). Credit promises are most [...] supply of credit to the money-holding
sector.4 Unfortunately, numerous theoretical models do not explicitly distinguish
between outside (or base) money and inside money. Indeed, money and credit are [...] though (inside) money might technically be linked to credit via the balance sheet
identity and despite many modern macro models explicitly deal with credit (see
section 3) or investigate money’s role
banks’ granting of credit. On the other hand, it neglects the fact that a
credit economy would in any case give rise to money as a medium of exchange
(Thornton, 2000, 51ff.). Credit promises are most [...] supply of credit to the money-holding
sector.4 Unfortunately, numerous theoretical models do not explicitly distinguish
between outside (or base) money and inside money. Indeed, money and credit are [...] though (inside) money might technically be linked to credit via the balance sheet
identity and despite many modern macro models explicitly deal with credit (see
section 3) or investigate money’s role