participants of seminars
at the Deutsche Bundesbank and the Oesterreichische Nationalbank for their valuable comments. In
particular, we would like to thank S Arz for his contributions. The opinions [...] central banks in the euro area are connected to TARGET2. There are no constraints on the size of
their balances vis-à-vis the European Central Bank that emerge from the cross-border flow of interbank [...] is again an appropriate reference country as, during the time
when both Germany and France had their national currencies, there were no major differences
between the two with regard to domestic banknote
participants of seminars
at the Deutsche Bundesbank and the Oesterreichische Nationalbank for their valuable comments. In
particular, we would like to thank S Arz for his contributions. The opinions [...] central banks in the euro area are connected to TARGET2. There are no constraints on the size of
their balances vis-à-vis the European Central Bank that emerge from the cross-border flow of interbank [...] is again an appropriate reference country as, during the time
when both Germany and France had their national currencies, there were no major differences
between the two with regard to domestic banknote
participants of seminars
at the Deutsche Bundesbank and the Oesterreichische Nationalbank for their valuable comments. In
particular, we would like to thank S Arz for his contributions. The opinions [...] central banks in the euro area are connected to TARGET2. There are no constraints on the size of
their balances vis-à-vis the European Central Bank that emerge from the cross-border flow of interbank [...] is again an appropriate reference country as, during the time
when both Germany and France had their national currencies, there were no major differences
between the two with regard to domestic banknote
Ours (2004) Does the Recent Success of Some OECD Countries in
Lowering their Unemployment Rates Lie in the Clever Design of their Labour Market
Reforms?, Oxford Economic Papers, 56, 621 - 642.
[...] t insurance system is generous, trade unions may
down weight the disutility of unemployment for their members and prefer higher real wages
for the employed. Employment will be affected negatively. A [...] unemployment benefits must incorporate these
aspects, because the OECD countries differ widely in their taxation and eligibility conditions of unemployment
benefits.
page
7
employers),
Bundesbank and the Österreichische Nationalbank for their valuable assistance. In
particular, we would like to thank M Altmann, S Arz and M Vogel for their valuable contributions. The opinions
expressed [...] suitable as a
“safe haven” and c) a banknote denomination structure which makes their storage and transport as well as their
use in the shadow economy significantly easier. With equation (4), it is now [...] within that country as they do not flow back to the central bank as
frequently. Consequently, their measured average life is longer. The prerequisite for the
application of this type of indirect
mortgage-backed securities transactions Gaby Trinkaus
07 2010 Banks’ exposure to interest rate risk, their
earnings from term transformation, and
the dynamics of the term structure Christoph Memmel [...] Andreas Pfingsten
14 2010 How correlated are changes in banks’ net
interest income and in their present value? Christoph Memmel
01 2011 Contingent capital to strengthen the private
safety
similar results, it is nevertheless advisable to additionally use
indirect estimates to examine their robustness. This approach has been taken in a separate
paper.
page
Nicht-technische [...] d securities transactions Gaby Trinkaus
07 2010 Banks’ exposure to interest rate risk, their
earnings from term transformation, and
the dynamics of the term structure Christoph [...] Pfingsten
14 2010 How correlated are changes in banks’ net
interest income and in their present value? Christoph Memmel
01 2011 Contingent capital to strengthen the private
Bundesbank and the Österreichische Nationalbank for their valuable
insights. We would like to extend our special thanks to M Altmann, S Arz and M Vogel for their valuable
contributions. The opinions expressed [...] similar results, it is nevertheless advisable to additionally use
indirect estimates to examine their robustness. This approach has been taken in a separate
paper.
page
Nicht-technische [...] inpayments of these denominations at central banks in
countries where Germans typically spend their holidays that suggest that these balances are
closely connected with foreign travel. But, at just
Miller and Volker (1984) and Arabsheibani (1989) base their analysis on compar-
isons between the salaries of workers in occupations relevant to their educational qualification
to those with the same [...] However, over time and depending on how fast employers learn about the
true productivity of their employees, their importance (and hence the signalling value of education)
diminishes. The faster they learn [...] firms are quick in adjusting their expectations.
A slightly different approach is tested by Albrecht and van Ours (2006) who compare formal with
informal hiring methods. Their hypothesis is that firms
Miller and Volker (1984) and Arabsheibani (1989) base their analysis on compar-
isons between the salaries of workers in occupations relevant to their educational qualification
to those with the same [...] However, over time and depending on how fast employers learn about the
true productivity of their employees, their importance (and hence the signalling value of education)
diminishes. The faster they learn [...] firms are quick in adjusting their expectations.
A slightly different approach is tested by Albrecht and van Ours (2006) who compare formal with
informal hiring methods. Their hypothesis is that firms
websites are prohibited.
In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the
article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or
institutional repository. Authors requiring further [...] with εi,t and any earlier or
future shocks. If the companies decide simultaneously on their labor
demand and their innovation behavior, then the innovation variables
are endogenous in the sense that Ii [...] . This is true for innovation input as well as for innovation
output variables. Innovations show their positive effect on employment with a time lag and process
innovations have higher effects than product
market
crises and financial market bubbles. Thereafter we examine the capital import restrictions and their effec-
tiveness. It turns out that the empirical evidence is ambiguous. Especially it has to be d [...] CANALES-KRILJENKO, J. I. /
KIRILENKO, A. (2000): Capital controls: Country experiences with their use and liberalization,
International Monetary Fund (IMF) Occasional Paper, No. 190, Washington D
developed a new indicator (NRW) which combines the
amount of the unemployment benefits with their duration,
their tax treatment and the conditions that must be met
in order to receive the benefits (eligibility [...] institutions by their first and second lagged obser-
vations. Table 4 presents the results for RW1 and RW2 each
with a quadratic trend and robust standard errors.8
Comparing the results with their respective [...] Ours (2004) Does the Recent Success of Some OECD Countries in Lowering their Unemployment
Rates Lie in the Clever Design of their Labour Market Reforms?, Oxford Economic Papers, 56, 621–642.
page
process
may differ substantially from their ex-post revised values. Real-time
uncertainty about key variables, like actual and potential output (and their
rates of growth), opens up a role for [...] and Beck and Wieland (2007, 2008) all restrict their
attention to optimal discretionary policy. Our interest in simple rules is
motivated by their potential advantages over discretionary policy. [...] that the interpretation of the
available data often depends on the assessment of their development relative
to their trend or long-run equilibrium levels that are unobservable and can
only be estimated
we continuously imaged over 13
minutes to monitor the gradual B0 field drift. The volunteers gave their written consent to
the study.
Results
Results from this study
demonstrate that the proposed
member countries. Reciprocally, foreign companies who want to distri-
bute their products in China have to register their marks or logos with the Chinese
[...] owners may wish to consider registering
their copyright ownership at China’s National Copyright Administration (NCA) in order to
establish evidence of their ownership.42
In 1998, China established [...] organizations will not copy their innovations. Therefore, the lack
of trust generated by the deficiencies of law does not motivate innovators and scientists
to share their knowledge.
IT often
member countries. Reciprocally, foreign companies who want to distri-
bute their products in China have to register their marks or logos with the Chinese
[...] owners may wish to consider registering
their copyright ownership at China’s National Copyright Administration (NCA) in order to
establish evidence of their ownership.42
In 1998, China established [...] organizations will not copy their innovations. Therefore, the lack
of trust generated by the deficiencies of law does not motivate innovators and scientists
to share their knowledge.
IT often
They usually hold a large
proportion of their money holdings as transactions balances, using these balances mainly as a buffer, while
slowly adjusting their portfolio composition. In addition, households’ [...] cointegration relationships by the cross correlation between their
monetary overhang measures suggests that models 2-n and 4-r are quite similar in their assessment of
actual money holdings relative to [...] M3 holdings are also found to be
informative for price developments in the euro area, giving their explanation a particular relevance for
monetary analysis (see European Central Bank (2006b) p
ness is
approximated by firm–specific factors, e.g. the firms’ assessment of their current business
situation and their business expectations. After controlling for the banks’ refinancing costs,
which [...] problem by looking at the characteristics of
firms that observed reductions in their bank credit volumes. However, since
their dependent variable was credit volume, the identification problem still re- [...] business (statebus) and
their business expectations for the next six months (comexp) as a proxy for the
quality of the borrower. The survey respondents can characterize their state
of the business
hiness
is approximated by firm–specific factors, e.g. the firms’ assessment of
their current business situation and their business expectations. After
controlling for the banks’ refinancing costs, which [...] problem by looking at the characteristics of
firms that observed reductions in their bank credit volumes. However, since
their dependent variable was credit volume, the identification problem still re- [...] business (statebus) and
their business expectations for the next six months (comexp) as a proxy for the
quality of the borrower. The survey respondents can characterize their state
of the business
hiness
is approximated by firm–specific factors, e.g. the firms’ assessment of
their current business situation and their business expectations. After
controlling for the banks’ refinancing costs, which [...] problem by looking at the characteristics of
firms that observed reductions in their bank credit volumes. However, since
their dependent variable was credit volume, the identification problem still re- [...] business (statebus) and
their business expectations for the next six months (comexp) as a proxy for the
quality of the borrower. The survey respondents can characterize their state
of the business
hiness
is approximated by firm–specific factors, e.g. the firms’ assessment of
their current business situation and their business expectations. After
controlling for the banks’ refinancing costs, which [...] problem by looking at the characteristics of
firms that observed reductions in their bank credit volumes. However, since
their dependent variable was credit volume, the identification problem still re- [...] business (statebus) and
their business expectations for the next six months (comexp) as a proxy for the
quality of the borrower. The survey respondents can characterize their state
of the business
hiness
is approximated by firm–specific factors, e.g. the firms’ assessment of
their current business situation and their business expectations. After
controlling for the banks’ refinancing costs, which [...] problem by looking at the characteristics of
firms that observed reductions in their bank credit volumes. However, since
their dependent variable was credit volume, the identification problem still re- [...] business (statebus) and
their business expectations for the next six months (comexp) as a proxy for the
quality of the borrower. The survey respondents can characterize their state
of the business
When leaders keep harmony in mind and take care of their subordinates, employees feel
concord in their company. Leaders express harmony by their behavior and set a good
example which influences [...] , they generally have
cooperated and shared ideas, which they would usually incorporate with their own.
During the Industrial and Modern Ages, Chinese philosophy began to integrate the
concepts [...] harmonious corporate culture
Wujin (Wang, 2007); corporation should be concerned about employees and their families
(Renbo Chen, 2007). Some viewpoints relate to institutional culture, for example, building
When leaders keep harmony in mind and take care of their subordinates, employees feel
concord in their company. Leaders express harmony by their behavior and set a good
example which influences [...] , they generally have
cooperated and shared ideas, which they would usually incorporate with their own.
During the Industrial and Modern Ages, Chinese philosophy began to integrate the
concepts [...] harmonious corporate culture
Wujin (Wang, 2007); corporation should be concerned about employees and their families
(Renbo Chen, 2007). Some viewpoints relate to institutional culture, for example, building