experiencing a credit crunch.
Following Udell (2009), “economists generally define a credit crunch as a
significant contraction in the supply of credit reflected in a tightening of credit
conditions [...] observed reductions in their bank credit volumes. However, since
their dependent variable was credit volume, the identification problem still re-
mained and credit supply shifts had to be identified [...]
climatesector -14.04 23.21 -70.6 53.6 56946
Notes: credit = 1, if the firms assess the banks’ credit supply policy as “restrictive”, credit =
0, if the firms indicate “normal” or “accommodating”
Macroeconomic
Determinants and the Effect of Monetary Policy on Debt Burdens, Journal of Money, Credit
and Banking. 49, 469-494.
Europäische Zentralbank (2007), Änderungen der Bankkreditzinsen und [...] September.
Lee, K. (2018), Fixed-Rate Mortgages, Labor Markets, and Efficiency, Journal of Money,
Credit and Banking 50, 1033-1072.
Koijen, R., O. van Hemert & S. van Nieuwerburgh (2009), Mortgage Timing [...] Choosing Between Fixed and Adjustable Rate Mortgage,
in: Agarwal, S. & B. W. Ambrose (Hg.), Household Credit Usage: Personal Debt and
Mortgages, Palgrave, 219-236.
page
21
Rachel, L. & T
Corporate Culture
von Lianke Song und Bernt Mayer
24 A Micro Data Approach to the Identification of Credit Crunches
von Timo Wollmershäuser und Horst Rottmann
25 Strategies and possible directions to
Corporate Culture
von Lianke Song und Bernt Mayer
24 A Micro Data Approach to the Identification of Credit Crunches
von Timo Wollmershäuser und Horst Rottmann
25 Strategies and possible directions to
banks’ granting
of credit. On the other hand, it neglects the fact that a credit economy would in any
case give rise to money as a medium of exchange (Thornton, 2000, 51ff.). Credit
promises are [...] granting of credit to the money-holding sector.
Unfortunately, many theoretical models do not explicitly distinguish between outside
(or base) money and inside money. Indeed, money and credit are linked [...] (inside) money might technically be linked to credit via the balance sheet
identity and despite the fact that many modern macro models explicitly deal with
credit (see section 3) or investigate money’s
banks’ granting
of credit. On the other hand, it neglects the fact that a credit economy would in any
case give rise to money as a medium of exchange (Thornton, 2000, 51ff.). Credit
promises are [...] granting of credit to the money-holding sector.
Unfortunately, many theoretical models do not explicitly distinguish between outside
(or base) money and inside money. Indeed, money and credit are linked [...] (inside) money might technically be linked to credit via the balance sheet
identity and despite the fact that many modern macro models explicitly deal with
credit (see section 3) or investigate money’s
banks’ granting
of credit. On the other hand, it neglects the fact that a credit economy would in any
case give rise to money as a medium of exchange (Thornton, 2000, 51ff.). Credit
promises are [...] granting of credit to the money-holding sector.
Unfortunately, many theoretical models do not explicitly distinguish between outside
(or base) money and inside money. Indeed, money and credit are linked [...] (inside) money might technically be linked to credit via the balance sheet
identity and despite the fact that many modern macro models explicitly deal with
credit (see section 3) or investigate money’s
banks’ granting
of credit. On the other hand, it neglects the fact that a credit economy would in any
case give rise to money as a medium of exchange (Thornton, 2000, 51ff.). Credit
promises are [...] granting of credit to the money-holding sector.
Unfortunately, many theoretical models do not explicitly distinguish between outside
(or base) money and inside money. Indeed, money and credit are linked [...] (inside) money might technically be linked to credit via the balance sheet
identity and despite the fact that many modern macro models explicitly deal with
credit (see section 3) or investigate money’s
Prescott (1997), “Postwar U.S. Business Cycles. An Empirical Investiga-
tion“. Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, 29, 1-16.
Ilzetski, E., and C. Vegh (2008), “Procyclical Fiscal Policy in Developing [...] Corporate Culture
von Lianke Song und Bernt Mayer
24 A Micro Data Approach to the Identification of Credit Crunches
von Timo Wollmershäuser und Horst Rottmann
25 Strategies and possible directions to
payment for different transactions, thus using cash in parallel to
other alternatives such as credit cards or mobile payments.
Moreover, most surveys around the world reveal that cash continues [...] Corporate Culture
von Lianke Song und Bernt Mayer
24 A Micro Data Approach to the Identification of Credit Crunches
von Timo Wollmershäuser und Horst Rottmann
25 Strategies and possible directions to
following Figure 8 shows the growth rates of (nominal) credit-to-GDP
ratio in the Euro area from 2000 to 2022. Credit is measured by total bank
credits to the non-financial sector (public and private-owned [...] 0
5
10
15
20
Growth rate of the Credit-to-GDP ratio
pe
rc
en
t
Credit-to-GDP ratio
Figure 8. Growth rates of the credit-to-GDP ratio in the Euro area. Source: own calculation [...] changes in the credit-to-GDP ratio. This policy rule seems to be more responsive than European
regulators are reacting to their target rate (deviations from the long-term growth rate of the
credit-to-GDP ratio)
𝑌(𝑡)
= 𝑎𝑛𝑓
𝑑0
(1+𝜋)𝑡
Therein 𝑑0 ≡ 𝐷0 𝑌0⁄ denotes the credit ratio at the beginning of the
credit period; D0 is the amount of the bank loan taken out, consisting
of the purchase [...] comes into consideration.
page
13
reasons: either because the credit institutions consider the credit risks
to be too high in the case the borrower's stress ratios have been
[...] lending segments, banks primarily justified the tightening by
what they perceived as an increase in credit risk."
II. Cash flow effects of interest rate shocks
What impact do higher nominal interest
Corporate Culture
von Lianke Song und Bernt Mayer
24 A Micro Data Approach to the Identification of Credit Crunches
von Timo Wollmershäuser und Horst Rottmann
25 Strategies and possible directions to
Corporate Culture
von Lianke Song und Bernt Mayer
24 A Micro Data Approach to the Identification of Credit Crunches
von Timo Wollmershäuser und Horst Rottmann
25 Strategies and possible directions to
Corporate Culture
von Lianke Song und Bernt Mayer
24 A Micro Data Approach to the Identification of Credit Crunches
von Timo Wollmershäuser und Horst Rottmann
25 Strategies and possible directions to
Corporate Culture
von Lianke Song und Bernt Mayer
24 A Micro Data Approach to the Identification of Credit Crunches
von Timo Wollmershäuser und Horst Rottmann
25 Strategies and possible directions to
et
al. 2014).
page
account of its customer accordingly18 and makes a corresponding credit transfer in favor of
the e-money institution using its funds with the central bank. As is obvious [...] of the e-money institution. If so,
however, e-money payments in this case are very similar to credit transfers of commercial
18 E-money could, of course, also be created in exchange for cash at [...] purchases a good from nonbank
2, this time, however, the payment shall be conducted by instant credit transfer of regular
accounts at commercial banks – a possibility which is quite new to European
more
macroeconomic approach, namely the expansion (decline) in debt per capita as a proxy
for credit expansion (contraction) as an additional risk factor in asset pricing models,
with promising results [...] the default probability of a company. They find
that the DLI contains different information than credit default swap (CDS) spreads
and adds explanatory power to the FF-3 model. Although Eugene Fama [...] power over the returns of non-
financials. Second, we utilize the monthly relative change of a credit default swap index
based on banking stocks, as e.g. Chiaramonte and Casu (2013) find that CDS
Corporate Culture
von Lianke Song und Bernt Mayer
24 A Micro Data Approach to the Identification of Credit Crunches
von Timo Wollmershäuser und Horst Rottmann
25 Strategies and possible directions to
Corporate Culture
von Lianke Song und Bernt Mayer
24 A Micro Data Approach to the Identification of Credit Crunches
von Timo Wollmershäuser und Horst Rottmann
25 Strategies and possible directions to
Bayoumi, T., Goldstein, M., Woglom, G., 1995. Do credit markets discipline
sovereign borrowers? Evidence from the U.S. States. Journal of Money, Credit
and Banking 27, 1046–1059.
Bernoth, K., von [...] widened the sovereign yield spreads
(Broner et al., 2014). Thus, periphery governments’ access to credit markets became
increasingly limited, which reflected inter alia the market disciplining effect [...] policy by exploiting the
information contained in policy announcements about the future path of credit risk
and interest rates. The shock summarises the new information about additional
policies
Economics and Statistics 80,
549–560.
Goodhart, C., Hofmann, B., 2008. House prices, money, credit, and the macroecon-
omy. Oxford Review of Economic Policy 24, 180–205.
Jarocinski, M., Smets [...] Journal of Financial Economics, in press.
Mian, A., Sufi, A., 2018. Finance and Business Cycles: The Credit-Driven Household
Demand Channel. Journal of Economic Perspectives 32, 31–58.
9
page [...] Corporate Culture
von Lianke Song und Bernt Mayer
24 A Micro Data Approach to the Identification of Credit Crunches
von Timo Wollmershäuser und Horst Rottmann
25 Strategies and possible directions to
Corporate Culture
von Lianke Song und Bernt Mayer
24 A Micro Data Approach to the Identification of Credit Crunches
von Timo Wollmershäuser und Horst Rottmann
25 Strategies and possible directions to
Corporate Culture
von Lianke Song und Bernt Mayer
24 A Micro Data Approach to the Identification of Credit Crunches
von Timo Wollmershäuser und Horst Rottmann
25 Strategies and possible directions to
Corporate Culture
von Lianke Song und Bernt Mayer
24 A Micro Data Approach to the Identification of Credit Crunches
von Timo Wollmershäuser und Horst Rottmann
25 Strategies and possible directions to