difficult. For example, 0.01% of businesses in retail and hospitality account for almost
40% of sales, whereas the three smallest business categories (70% of all businesses) ac-
count for less than 7% of [...] billion, domestic businesses held €163 billion and other sectors held €54 billion.
Transferable deposits: average of estimates of methods 1 and 2
Businesses Households Businesses+rest
2010 163 [...] method 1
Businesses Households Businesses+rest
2010 197.6 383.2 253.3
2011 197.6 373.4 251.9
2012 217.4 398.4 281.4
Transferable deposits: estimates based on method 2
Businesses Households
2021
Journal of
Applied Business and Economics
page
316 Journal of Applied Business and Economics Vol. 23(3) 2021
Payment Innovations, the [...]
New international evidence. Banco de la República de Colombia, Discussion Paper No. 1074.
Ashworth, J., & Goodhart, C.A.E. (2020). The surprising recovery of currency usage. International
Journal [...] pdf:docinfo:created 2021-07-21T04:51:25Z
page
Social Media, Confusion, and Small Business During the
COVID 19 Crisis 13
Daniel Sullivan, Daniel Fox, Robert Stoll, Raymond Jacobs
Airline
relies on the advantage of hindsight. Today, we know that the Fed’s
real-time assessment of the U.S. business cycle was too pessimistic. Taking this real-time
problem into account, the Fed’s monetary policy [...] the Bundesbank’s monthly reports and
from the statistical supplements called “Seasonally Adjusted Business Statistics,” which
3 See, for instance, Deutsche Bundesbank (1981a, p. 30) and Deutsche Bundesbank [...] in the Bundesbank’s reaction function.
In order to assess an economy’s current position in the business cycle and its likely
development over the horizon relevant to monetary policy, both the level of
zeigt, auch für „International Busi-
ness“:
• Advances in International Marketing
• Asia Pacific International Journal of Marketing
• International Marketing Review
• International Marketing: Strategy [...] Journal of Business Research
• Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology
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• Journal of International Consumer [...] • Journal of International Food & Agribusiness
Marketing
• Journal of International Marketing
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Research
• Management International Review
Der
“Deutsche Forschungs-
gemeinschaft” for this project and thank the participants of the “5th Annual International
Industrial Organization Conference” in Savannah, USA and the “Ifo Workshop on the
Maintenance [...] including lagged values of employment and innovation. Rottmann and
Ruschinksi (1998) use the Ifo Business Survey of the years 1980 to 1992. Using an
Anderson-Hsiao dynamic panel approach the authors [...] 2007
1955 Peter Egger, Marko Koethenbuerger and Michael Smart, Do Fiscal Transfers Alleviate
Business Tax Competition? Evidence from Germany, March 2007
1956 Panu Poutvaara and Lars-H. R. Siemers
Labour Market Institutions and Unemployment. An International Comparison
pdf:docinfo:subject Labour Market Institutions and Unemployment. An International Comparison
pdf:hasMarkedContent true
xm [...] Institutions and Unemployment. An International Comparison
Keywords CESifo Working Paper no. 3558
employment protection, labour market institutions, unemployment, international comparison
Keywords CESifo [...] unemployment, international comparison
access_permission:modify_annotations true
dc:creator Gebhard.Flaig, Horst.Rottmann
description Labour Market Institutions and Unemployment. An International Comparison
OECD Employment Outlook. Paris.
World Bank (2005), Doing Business, Hiring and Firing Workers,
http://rru.worldbank.org/DoingBusiness/ExploreTopics/HiringFiringWorkers/
Appendix
[...] 2005.
No. 5 Sülzle, K., Duopolistic Competition between Independent and Collaborative Business-to-
Business Marketplaces, March 2005.
No. 4 Becker, Sascha O., K. Ekholm, R. Jäckle and M.-A. Muendler [...]
Labour Market Institutions and Employment Thresholds.
An International Comparison
Gebhard Flaig
Horst Rottmann
Ifo Working Paper No. 15
Schulsystem: Internationale
deskriptive Evidenz und mögliche Bestimmungsfaktoren, Oktober 2005.
No. 16 Wößmann, L., Ursachen der PISA-Ergebnisse: Untersuchungen auf Basis der
internationalen Mikrodaten [...] Responses,
August 2005.
No. 13 Abberger, K., The Use of Qualitative Business Tendency Surveys for Forecasting
Business Investing in Germany, June 2005.
No. 12 Thum, M. Korruption und Schat [...] 2005.
No. 5 Sülzle, K., Duopolistic Competition between Independent and Collaborative Business-to-
Business Marketplaces, March 2005.
No. 4 Becker, Sascha O., K. Ekholm, R. Jäckle and M.-A. Muendler
of added value (∆ Yt) and prices
(∆ Pt). For modelling business expectations, we make use of a qualitative variable of the Ifo
Business Survey that reports the expected development of the product [...] results. Zimmermann (1991) finds a negative impact of
technical progress on employment by using business survey data to evaluate the determinants of
labour demand (i.e. demand, labour costs, technical [...] negative impact on employment.
In this paper we present an empirical study which is based on the Ifo Business Survey Panel for
the years 1980-1992. This panel consists of observations for 2405 firms and
about a need for a third international rescue package for Greece and a newly elected
Greek Government which expressively refused structural reforms demanded by its
international creditors resulted in [...] trend over the past 30 years.
Figure 5: Small and large banknote denominations in circulation international (USD bn.)
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
90 92 94 96 98 [...] and analyse the demand for small and large
banknote denominations since the 1990ies in an international perspective. Hereby, three
prominent examples for each of the type of a global crisis were
Publisher and distributor: Munich Society for the Promotion of Economic Research ‐ CESifo
GmbH
The international platform of Ludwigs‐Maximilians University’s Center for Economic Studies
and the ifo Institute [...]
Germany – 92637 Weiden
f.seitz@oth-aw.de
Hans-Eggert Reimers
University of Technology, Business
and Design Wismar
Wilhelm-Epstein-Str. 14
Germany – 60431 Wismar
hans-eggert.reimers@hs-wismar [...] depend upon multiple
page
3
(2016) give a literature review on the finances of international crime organizations which shows
that cash is used in many crime activities. Therefore, re
driven by core
price developments, monetary policy reflected in short-term interest rates and the
business cycle. A changed structural demand for bonds does not seem to be at work.
The existing overestimation [...] Monticini and Vaciago, 2005; Demiralp and Jordà, 2004). The third kind of models
discusses the international transmission of shocks with respect to bond markets (see,
e.g., Ehrmann et al., 2005). And [...]
where z={y, etc} and y is a variable capturing the state of the business cycle. In "etc"
we summarise three different sets of explanatory factors influencing the
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System,
International Finance Discussion Papers 657, January.
European Central Bank (2011), The International Role of the Euro, July.
EHI Retail Institute [...] Hoarding Demand for Currency, Quarterly
Review of Economics and Business, 30, pp 75-89.
Thießen, U. (2010), The Shadow Economy in International Comparison: Options for
Economic Policy Derived from an OECD [...] euro banknotes held outside the
euro area are an indication of the role of the euro as an international reserve currency.
As in other countries, there are no statistics that directly record the
*
Dies ist die überarbeitete Version eines Vortrags, der auf der Internationalen Fachtagung der VWL-
Professoren an deutschsprachigen Hochschulen in Jena im Mai 2011 gehalten [...] festhielt. Interessanter Weise hatte Deutschland während der Strategie mit
Geldmengenzielen stets international sehr niedrige Inflationsraten und wurde von
größeren Finanzmarktkrisen verschont.
Die [...] erfolgen.
page
6
Abb. 1: Der langfristige Geldmengen-Preis-Zusammenhang: internationale Evidenz
Quelle: Papademos/Stark (2010), S. 33.
Abb. 3 konzentriert sich dagegen
rules of the Taylor type. Interestingly, this is not specific to the US but seems to be an
international phenomenon (see Gerberding et al. (2005) for Germany, Gerdesmeier and
Roffia (2005) for the [...] 363–412.
Clarida, R., Galí, J. & Gertler, M. (1998): Monetary Policy Rules in Practice: Some
International Evidence, European Economic Review 42, 1033-1067.
Clarida, R., Galí, J. & Gertler, M. (2000): [...] Mehra, Y.P. (2001): The Bond Rate and Estimated Monetary Policy Rules, Journal of
Economics and Business 53, 345-358.
Nelson, E. (2003): The Future of Monetary Aggregates in Monetary Policy Analysis
Emerging Economy:
A multiple indicator, multiple causes (MIMIC) approach. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business
282, 154-177.
Im, K S, M H Pesaran & Y Shin (2003), Testing for Unit [...] Microsoft Word - Cash in Circulation and the Shadow Economy_JBEP.docx
page
Journal of Business & Economic Policy Vol. 7, No. 2, June 2020 doi:10.30845/jbep [...] r Weg 15
D-92637 Weiden
Germany
Hans-Eggert Reimers
University of Technology, Business
and Design Wismar
Philipp-Müller-Straße 14
D-23966 Wismar
Germany
Friedrich
Lahiri und F. Seitz (2000), »Interest Rate Spreads as Predictors
of German Inflation and Business Cycles«, International Journal of Fore-
casting 16, 39–58.
Latane, H.A. und R.J. Rendleman (1976), »Standard
Kartengestützte Zahlungssysteme im Einzelhandel.
Cologne.
European Central Bank, 2011a. The international role of the Euro. July.
European Central Bank, 2011b. Guideline of the ECB of 30 June 2011 amending [...] 2004. Currency demand by federal reserve cash office:
what do we know? Journal of Economics and Business 56, 273–285.
Scheiber, T., Stix, H., 2009. Euroization in central, eastern and southeastern Europe—
dumjan1 = 1 if day t falls in the first business week of January
dumfi = 1 if day t falls on the first business day of the month
dumla = 1 if day t falls on the last business day of the month
dumla2k = 1 if day [...] dummpl = 1 if day t is the last business day of the maintenance period
Tax indicators
dumit = 1 if t is the 23rd or the following business day or if t is the first business day of the
month or if t falls [...] government deposits being higher at the end of the year and on the last business day of the
months but lower on the first business day of the months. The Treasury activities in Spain and Italy are
especially
Ltd. 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK and 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148, USA
International Finance 13:3, 2010: pp. 409–441
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2362.2010.01267.x
page
ing a [...]
the final targets of monetary policy. These, in turn, are captured by some
measure of the business cycle and price developments. An essential element
of the implementation of interest rate rules [...] ‘Stock Market Downswing and the Stability of European
Monetary Union Money Demand’, Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 24,
395–402.
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Interest rate spreads as predictors of German inflation and business
cycles
a a , b*Detelina
System. International Finance discussion papers 657.
EHI Retail Institute. (2010). Kartengestützte Zahlungssysteme im Einzelhandel,
Cologne.
European Central Bank. (2011 July). The international role [...] hoarding demand for currency. Quarterly
Review of Economics and Business, 30, 75–89.
Thießen, U. (2010 July). The shadow economy in international comparison: Options for
economic policy derived from an OECD [...] The test statistic is asymptotically
standardized normal with 95% critical values of ±1.96.
international reputation of the euro and unstable developments
in the destination countries. Hence, foreign
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currency unions: A review of the econometric evidence using meta-analysis, International
Review of Financial Analysis, 61, 274-283 [...] evidence of a shift from transactional to non-transactional demand for
cash over time.
5 In an international study (including France) Bagnall et al. (2016) find significant cross-country differences with [...] the unemployment rate, the corruption perception index for
France provided by Transparency International and different tax variables (direct and
indirect taxes, taxes of households and firms).
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Uneinigkeit herrscht allerdings in der Literatur darüber, wie die [...] page
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