second (p/s) used in pediatric cardiology to 0.5 p/s in some systems for
slowly moving objects. A reduction to half pulse rate reduces dose by about half. The
reduction from 30 p/s to 7.5 p/s results [...] Bacha E.A.; Daves, S.; Hardin, J.; Abdulla, R.I.; Anderson, J.; Kahana, M.; Koenig, P.; Mora,
B.N.; Gulecyuz, M.; Starr, J.P.; Alboliras, E.; Sandhu, S. & Hijazi, Z.M. (2006).
Single-ventricle palliation [...] 363, No.17, (October
2011), pp. 1597–1607
Lurz, P.; Nordmeyer, J.; Muthurangu, V.; Khambadkone, S.; Derrick, G.; Yates, R.; Sury, M.;
Bonhoeffer, P. & Taylor, A.M. (2009). Comparison of bare metal stenting
value 0,2 0,2
P 1 Periphery 6 6 Location deliberately chosen close to one air
exhaust
P 2 Periphery 2 5
P 3 Periphery 5 5 Door opens
P 4 Periphery 5 5 Door opens x3
P 5 Periphery 4 [...] 4 4 Door opens
P 6 Periphery 0 <1
Mean value 3,7 3,7
Mean value in 1,3 1,3
the whole OR
Schutzgrad Schutzgrad Prüfergebnis normativer Bewertung
Mittelwert Minimalwert Schutzwirkung
effektiv realisiert werden.
Literatur und Quellenangaben
[1] Recum J, Wendl K, Vock B, Grützner P. A., Franke J.
(2012). Intraoperative 3D C-arm imaging. State of the
art. Unfallchirurg. 2012 Mar; [...]
Radiology. 2004 Oct; 233 (1): 67–78. Epub 2004 Aug 18.
[3] Gebhard, F., Riepl, C., Richter, P., Liebold, A., Gorki, H.,
Wirtz, R., König, R., Wilde, F., Schramm, A., Kraus, M.
(2012). Der Hyb [...] No. 4, E344–348, PMID
17650462 (PubMed-indexed for MEDLINE)
[6] Galantowicz M. & Cheatham J. P. (2005). Lessons Lear-
ned from the Development of a New Hybrid Strategy for
the Management of Hypoplastic
P1 Periphery 6 6 Location deliberately
chosen close to one air
exhaust
P2 Periphery 2 5
P3 Periphery 5 5 Door opens
P4 Periphery 5 5 Door opens x3
P5 Periphery 4 4 Door opens
P6 Periphery [...] bakterieller Wirksamkeits
und Vergleichsstudien untersucht. Dieser basiert auf
einer Verschiebung des pHWertes auf ca. 4,5 und führt
somit zu einer resistenzunabhängigen protolytischen
Eradikation der
Handlungsempfehlungen
und effektive und validierte Maßnahmen zu entwickeln.
Literatur
[1] Walger, P., Popp, W., Exner, W.: Hyg Med 2013; 38–7/8
[2] Epidemiologisches Bulletin Nr. 36, 13.9.2010
[3] Richtlinie
Maschinen und Antriebe sollen die bestehenden
Leistungsschalter durch das modernere IGBT-Modul
A1P25S12M3-F der Firma STMicroelectronics (ST) ersetzt
werden.
Nach Untersuchungen zum thermischen
ecb.europa.eu/reports.do?node=100000845.
page
41
the POS78 and person-to-person (P2P) in 2020 is still 80% in volume terms and 62% in value
terms compared to the average in the euro [...] services are sold and paid for, such as shops and restaurants
as well as services outside the home. P2P (Person-to-person) includes all the payments made from a private
individual to another private [...] ar, C.P. & J. Ghosh (2017), The Financialization of Finance? Demonetization and
the Dubious Push to Cashlessness in India, Development and Change 49(2), 1-17.
Chen, H., W. Engert, K. P. Huynh
show that the P-DOLS estimator performs
best across a large set of experiments. They confirm evidence of Kao & Chiang (2001).
Therefore, we prefer and present the results of the P-DOLS methodology [...] Spiegel Online, 5 May.
Pedroni, P (2001), Purchasing power parity tests in cointegrated panels; Review of Economics
and Statistics 83, 727-731.
Pedroni, P (2004), Panel cointegration: Asymptotic [...] July.
Sands, P (2016), Making it harder for the bad guys: the case for eliminating high denomination
notes, M-RCBG Associate Working Paper Series No 52, February.
Sands, P, B Weisman, H Campbell
refer to risk considerations, we would expect γ2,p < 0. If, on the
other side, "p" stands for relative returns on the stock market, we would get γ2,p > 0.
Finally, the coefficient on y may be positive [...] rank of the matrix Π. If Π has reduced rank (0 < r < p), it can be
separated into a (p x r)-dimensional matrix of the loading coefficients α and a (p x r)-
dimensional matrix of the cointegration vectors [...] at standard levels of significance (χ²(2) = 1.85, p-value = 0.40).4 In contrast, the null
of weak exogeneity of il has to be rejected (χ²(1)= 5.93, p-value = 0.01). Taking these
results into account
Feld, L.P. & F. Schneider (2010), Survey on the Shadow Economy and Undeclared Earnings
in OECD Countries, German Economic Review, 11, pp 109-149.
page
17
Fischer, B., P. Köhler & F [...] for between 25% and 35% of the total demand for
Bundesbank-issued euro banknotes. The ECB (2011, p. 31) states that "taking into account a
range of different estimates suggests that around 20%-25% [...] summarizes.
2 The seasonal method
The general problem can be formulated as follows (Feige 1997, p 184):7
The shares ß1 and ß2 of two subpopulations C1 and C2, which together produce the total
March, 29-46.
Borio, C.L. & P. Lowe (2002), Asset Prices, Financial and Monetary Stability:
Exploring the Nexus, BIS Working Paper No. 114, July.
Borio, C.L. & P. Lowe (2004), Securing Sustainable
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page
Die bittere Wahrheit Karikatur: Luff
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
peak in
December and no visible peak in the summer months for both countries
(Fischer et al. 2004, see p. 54). More recent data for Sweden, however, exhibit
noticeable seasonal movements in the summer months [...] US domestic money, inflation and output.
Journal of Monetary Economics, 53(2), 183–197.
Anderson, P.S. (1977). Currency in use and in hoards. New England Economic
Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston [...] (pp. 148–199). Frankfurt am Main, Germany: Deutsche Bundesbank.
Bagnall, J., Bounie, D., Huynh, K.P., Kosse, A., Schmidt, T., Schuh, S., Stix, H.
(2016). Consumer cash usage: A cross-country comparison
deposits has traditionally been offered in Italy.
3
1 2 3 4 5 6
alt Mm p y w i i
whereby m denotes the stock of money, p the price level, y and w the level of trans-
actions and wealth, respectively [...] 0.08
0.10
0.12
1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007
Interest rate measure (in p.p.)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 [...] ) I(0) variables vector xt :
0
1
p
t i t i t t t
i
y y x D (1)
Table 1: Results of Unit Root Tests
Variables ADF KPSS
(D,X) t-Statistic p-value* LM-Statistic critical value
level
45 (2), S. 265–282.
[16] Beltran, Daniel O.; Kretchmer, Maxwell; Marquez,
Jaime; Thomas, Charles P. (2013): “Foreign Holdings
of U.S. Treasuries and U.S. Treasury Yields.” In:
Journal of International
rejection of the hypothesis at the 0.05 level
**MacKinnon-Haug-Michelis (1999) p-values **MacKinnon-Haug-Michelis (1999) p-values
page
14
Abbildung 8: VECM (t-Werte in Klammern)
[...] differentials, CEPS Working Document No.
416.
BELTRAN D.O., KRETCHMER M., MARQUEZ J., THOMAS C.P. (2013), Foreign holdings of
U.S. Treasuries and U.S. Treasury yields, Journal of International
Konstante
Wahrscheinlichkeit
Abh. = 0 Abh. = 1 Ges. Abh. = 0 Abh. = 1 Ges.
P(Abh=1)≤C 88 4 92 93 77 170
P(Abh=1)>C 5 73 78 0 0 0
gesamt 93 77 170 93 77 170
korrekt 88 73 161 93 0 93
% korrekt [...] das Probit-Verfahren folgendermaßen darstellen:
2
'
0,51Pr( 1| , ) ( ', )
2
X ß
u
i i iP Y X e du Xβ β
π
−
−∞
= = = = Φ∫ ,
Pi repräsentiert die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass ein bestimmtes [...] räge, Nr.80.
McFadden, D. (1973): Conditional Logit Analysis of Qualitative Choice Behaviour, in
P. Zarembka (Hg.), Frontiers in Econometrics, Academic Press.
Stock, J.H. und M.W. Watson (2002), Forecasting
t
t
t
i
ygap
ß
i
ygap
ß
r
i
e
r
r
p
a
r
r
a
r
p
p
a
p
r
+
×
+
×
-
+
×
+
-
+
-
=
×
+
[...] ygap
ß
r
i
e
e
Tay
×
+
-
×
+
+
=
*)
(
*
p
p
a
p
Durch die Verwendung der (erwarteten) Inflation auf der rechten Seite dieser Gleichung [...] t
Tay
t
ygap
ß
r
i
×
+
-
×
+
+
=
*)
(
*
p
p
a
p
Ein vorausschauendes Verhalten der Geldpolitik käme darin zum Ausdruck, daß bei und ygap
lity, Princeton University Essays in: International
Finance, No. 207, pp. 1-10.
Flood, Robert P. and Peter M. Garber (1984), Collapsing Exchange Rate Regimes: Some
Linear Example, in: Journal of [...] of Payments Crises, in: Journal of Money, Credit,
and Banking, Vol. 11, pp. 311-325.
Krugman, P. (1998), What Happened to Asia?, Januar 1998, veröffentlicht im Internet:
http://web.mit.edu/krugman/
Max LR F-statistic 2.05 1.68 1.98 1.45 2.15
Hansen P-value (0.36) (0.51) (0.28) (0.71) (0.47)
Exp LR F-statistic 0.43 0.54 0.42 0.42 0.43
Hansen P-value (0.78) (0.60) (0.85) (0.84) (0.69)
Ave LR [...] 1.06 0.79 0.82 0.78
Hansen P-value (0.64) (0.37) (0.73) (0.68) (0.61)
Chow Breakpoint test
Date 2008Q3 2008Q1 2009Q2 2001Q1 200Q1
F-statistic 2.05 1.68 1.98 1.45 2.15
P-value (F-test) (0.06) (0.10) [...] Gogas, P. (2014). Divisia monetary aggregates, the great rations and classical money demand functions. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking,
46, 229–241.
Serletis, A., Istiak, K., & Gogas, P. (2013)
t t p t n t t n y t t ti i E p p E y yρ φ φ (11)
( ) ( ) ( ))*, *
2 1( )Δ −+ ⋅ Δ − Δ − + ⋅ Δ − Δ + ⋅ Δ Ω − Δ + ⋅ +T est
p t t t y t t m t t t t tp p y y E m m iφ η φ φ ρ ν
with p2 1 2 1 [...] 9 8
O u t p u t ga p *
C h a n ge in o u t p u t ga p ( f - q ) *
- 4
- 2
0
2
4
6
8
7 4 7 6 7 8 8 0 8 2 8 4 8 6 8 8 9 0 9 2 9 4 9 6 9 8
R e a l o u t p u t gr o w t [...]
= − + Δ + ⋅ Δ −Δ Ω + ⋅ − Ω
+ ⋅ Δ −Δ Ω + ⋅ Δ −Δ Ω + +
T T
t t n p t n t n t y t t t
y t t t m t t t t t
i p E p p E y y
E y y E m m i
ρ α φ φ
φ φ ρ μ
(12)
where the m
doi:10.30845/jbep.v7n2p2
24
Pedroni, P (2001), Purchasing Power Parity Tests in Cointegrated Panels, Review of Economics and Statistics 83, 727-
731.
Pedroni, P (2004), Panel Cointegration: [...] June 2020 doi:10.30845/jbep.v7n2p2
14
The IPS relies on the t-statistics of the ADF regression. The Fisher-ADF and the Fisher PP use p-values from individual
unit root tests [...] (2012) show that the P-DOLS estimator performs best across a large set of experiments. They confirm
evidence of Kao & Chiang (2001). Therefore, we prefer and present the results of the P-DOLS methodology
euro area currency has emerged more and more clearly since the beginning of 2001 (see e.g. ECB 2001a, p. 10; and the survey results presented in Stix 2001). Sinn and Westermann (2001) take the decline in [...] currency in circulation in EMU since the end of 2000 is widespread across euro area countries (ECB 2001a, p. 10 f.).
This seems to rule out the dominance of country-specific factors. For Germany, whose currency [...] euro area M1 suggests that M1 growth in 2000/2001 is not lower than predicted by the model (ECB 2001, p. 12).
über_6 2. The Velocity of Circulation of Banknotes
standard To eliminate the effect
beigetragen. Einen besonderen Dank schulden wir H. Asche (Deutsche Bundesbank), U. Bindseil
(EZB), H. P. Bisani (FH Deggendorf), J. Clostermann (FH Ingolstadt), B. Fischer (EZB), D.
Gerdesmeier (EZB) [...] Hofmann (Deutsche Bundesbank), C. Knoppik
(Universität Regensburg), J. v. Landesberger (EZB), P. Lenggrießer (Deutsche Bundesbank), W.
Quaisser (Osteuropa-Institut München), H. Rottmann (FH A
the Central Bank be? Independent Central Banks: Low Inflation at No Costs? American Economic Review, P&P 85, 196-200.
biblio-Entry Alesina, A. / Summers, L. (1993), Central Bank Independence and Macroeconomic [...]
biblio-Entry Fischer, S. (1995), Central Bank Independence Revisited, American Economic Review, P&P 85, 201-206.
biblio-Entry Fujiki, H. (1996), Central Bank Independence Indexes in Economic Analysis: [...] Academics - and Vice Versa, The Journal of Economic Perspectives 11, 3-19.
biblio-Entry Bofinger, P. / Reischle, J. / Schaechter, A., (1996), Geldpolitik – Ziele, Institutionen, Strategien und Instrumente