serve System, Washington, S. 207-262
International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics, Washington, verschiedene Jahr-
gänge
International Monetary Fund (1994), Lebanon - Economic [...] (for
example, the per capita cash holdings or the velocity of circulation of cash). Both
international cross-sectional comparisons and purely national conditions indicate that there
are certain [...] is done on the basis of the DM-US dollar exchange rate. On the one hand, this reflects the
international strength of the Deutsche Mark. On the other hand, the Deutsche Mark (in
countries in which
about a need for a third international rescue package for Greece and a newly elected
Greek Government which expressively refused structural reforms demanded by its
international creditors resulted in [...] trend over the past 30 years.
Figure 5: Small and large banknote denominations in circulation international (USD bn.)
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
90 92 94 96 98 [...] and analyse the demand for small and large
banknote denominations since the 1990ies in an international perspective. Hereby, three
prominent examples for each of the type of a global crisis were
(international foreign currency traders) to countries outside the euro area. These net
shipments correspond to the difference between the outpayments by the Bundesbank to
international foreign [...] Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System,
International Finance Discussion Papers 657.
European Central Bank (2014), The international role of the euro, July.
Fischer, B, P Köhler & F [...] foreign currency traders and the inpayments by the international foreign
currency traders at the Bundesbank. The estimated regional distribution of euro
banknotes issued in Germany estimated using
al. (2016) provides an international comparison.
2 Symptomatic is the title of Kenneth Rogoff’s (2016) book “The Curse of Cash“, former chief economist of the
International Monetary Fund. The head [...] advantages of cash can be found in Krüger und Seitz (2017).
19 Cf. Rösl (2006, 2007), for an international perspective see Harper (1948), Timberlake (1987) und Warner (2014).
page
8
[...] Stix (2016), Consumer
Cash Usage: A Cross-Country Comparison with Payment Diary Survey Data, International
Journal of Central Banking, 1-61.
Bartzsch, N., G. Rösl and F. Seitz (2013), Currency
Moreover, only a short period to deposit these notes in
banks and post offices was provided (Cards International 2016).
Below, we will take up some of the issues that figure prominently in the dis-
cussion [...] merchants’ and consumers’ surveys (Fung /
Huyuh / Kosse 2017).
Table 2
Costs of Payments – International Overview (Cost per Transaction)
Cash Cards Debit Credit
US 2003 $54 2.18 1.07 1.16
[...] 75 % for households with an income of
less than €1,500 (Deutsche Bundesbank 2015, 35). In an international study, Ba-
gnall et al. (2016) find clear confirmation of the education effect, in particular
Publisher and distributor: Munich Society for the Promotion of Economic Research ‐ CESifo
GmbH
The international platform of Ludwigs‐Maximilians University’s Center for Economic Studies
and the ifo Institute [...] depend upon multiple
page
3
(2016) give a literature review on the finances of international crime organizations which shows
that cash is used in many crime activities. Therefore, re [...] (ed), The usage, costs and benefits of cash: Theory and evidence from macro
and micro data, International Cash Conference 2012, Bonifatius Druck und Buch Verlag,
15-45.
Rogoff, K S (1998), Blessing
for Switzerland", Genève.
Joines, D. H. (1985). "International Currency Substitution and the Income Velocity of Money", Journal of International Money and Finance, Vol. 4, No.3, pp. 303-316.
Johansen [...] or international mobility rather than CS; see e.g. Brillembourg/Schadler (1979), Cuddington (1983), Thomas (1985). McKinnon (1982) uses the term "indirect CS". In general, the term "(international) portfolio [...] it is probably above all the D-Mark that falls into this category because of its role as an international investment, reserve and anchor currency.� Variables which are able to capture these effects (in
Kartengestützte Zahlungssysteme im Einzelhandel.
Cologne.
European Central Bank, 2011a. The international role of the Euro. July.
European Central Bank, 2011b. Guideline of the ECB of 30 June 2011 amending
nicht nur Lob für die EZB-Geldpolitik.
Prof. Dr. Franz Seitz von der OTH Amberg-Weiden ist ein international gefragter Experte für Geldpolitik. Foto: Simon Gehr
Interview: Robert Torunsky
Foto: Simon
C-arms are generally considered insufficient for cardiovascular
imaging and do not comply with international standards for cardiac imaging (Bonatti et al.,
2007). For hybrid rooms, fixed monoplane and biplane
Theoretical Model and an
Empirical Application for West-German Manufacturing Firms. Center for International
Labor Economics, Universtät Konstanz, Diskussionspapier 37.
page
17
SMOLNY, Werner [...] Beschäfti-
gung. Eine empirische Untersuchung auf der Basis des ifo Unternehmenspanels. Center for
International Labor Economics, Universtät Konstanz, Diskussionspapier 33.
STATISTISCHES BUNDESAMT (1994)
Lösung für den Operationssaal ist aber nach wie
vor ein kontrovers diskutiertes Thema. Ein international einheitlicher Standard liegt bis-
her nicht vor. Räume der Klasse Ia sind mit einer turbulenzarmen
ausgestattet ist. Für bestimmte Eingriffsarten wird eine entspre-
chende Ausstattung auch international bereits von verschiedenen Fachgesellschaften
gefordert. Je nach klinischem Anwendungsgebiet
Alarmfunktion bei zu
niedriger Batteriespannung. Selbstverständlich erfüllt die
PSC-35-Serie die internationalen Zertifizierungen gemäß UL,
CUL, TÜV und trägt die CE- Kennzeichnung des Herstellers.
Geeignete
Ramadorai (2016), International Comparative Household
Finance, Annual Review of Economics 8, 111-144.
Badarinza, C., J. Campbell & T. Ramadorai (2017), What Calls to ARMs? International
Evidence [...] einer festen Zinsbindung gegenüber einer variablen Verzinsung bei
Immobilienfinanzierungen international sehr unterschiedlich ist.1 Uneinigkeit herrscht
allerdings in der Literatur darüber, wie die [...] Seitz, Gerhard Rösl und Nikolaus Bartzsch
31 Labour Market Institutions and Unemployment. An International Comparison
von Horst Rottmann und Gebhard Flaig
32 The Rule of the IMF in the European Debt
Monticini and Vaciago, 2005; Demiralp and Jordà, 2004). The third kind of models
discusses the international transmission of shocks with respect to bond markets (see,
e.g., Ehrmann et al., 2005). And [...] (2005), Empirical Exchange Rate Models
of the Nineties: Are any fit to survive?, Journal of International Money and
Finance 24, 1150-1175.
Chinn, Menzie D. & Louis Johnston (1997), Real Exchange [...] and Interest Rates, OFCE Working Paper No.
2005-08, June.
Durré, A. & P. Giot (2005), An International Analysis of Earnings, Stock Prices and
Bond Yields, ECB Working Paper No. 515, August.
Ehrmann
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System,
International Finance Discussion Papers 657, January.
European Central Bank (2011), The International Role of the Euro, July.
EHI Retail Institute [...] euro banknotes held outside the
euro area are an indication of the role of the euro as an international reserve currency.
As in other countries, there are no statistics that directly record the [...] countries) has little to do
with domestic seasonal developments.8 This depends more on the international reputation of
the euro and unstable developments in the destination countries. Hence, foreign
*
Dies ist die überarbeitete Version eines Vortrags, der auf der Internationalen Fachtagung der VWL-
Professoren an deutschsprachigen Hochschulen in Jena im Mai 2011 gehalten [...] festhielt. Interessanter Weise hatte Deutschland während der Strategie mit
Geldmengenzielen stets international sehr niedrige Inflationsraten und wurde von
größeren Finanzmarktkrisen verschont.
Die [...] erfolgen.
page
6
Abb. 1: Der langfristige Geldmengen-Preis-Zusammenhang: internationale Evidenz
Quelle: Papademos/Stark (2010), S. 33.
Abb. 3 konzentriert sich dagegen
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Figure 17: International comparison of the number of card payments . . . . . . . . . 39
Figure 18: International comparison of the value of card payments . . . [...] cashless payment instruments in Germany. After a de-
scription of developments in a national and international context, we will compile a
critical overview of literature on cost calculations and on the importance [...] payment system is not an
end in itself, but a necessary precondition for fostering national and international
page
13
Costs and Benefits
of Cash and Cashless Payment Instruments
trade,
New international evidence. Banco de la República de Colombia, Discussion Paper No. 1074.
Ashworth, J., & Goodhart, C.A.E. (2020). The surprising recovery of currency usage. International
Journal [...] hinders tax evasion. Schneider & Linsbauer (2016) give a literature
review on the finances of international crime organizations which shows that cash is used in many crime
activities. Therefore, restrictions [...] banknotes. In Deutsche
Bundesbank (Ed.), War on cash: Is there a future for cash? (pp. 200–248). International Cash
Conference 2017, conference volume, Frankfurt am Main.
Judson, R.A., & Porter, R.D.
Wahl einer festen Zinsbindung gegenüber einer variablen
Verzinsung bei Immobilienfinanzierungen international sehr unterschiedlich ist.8 Un-
einigkeit herrscht allerdings in der Literatur darüber, wie die [...] vorbehalten.
Open Access Dieser Artikel wird unter der Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International Lizenz
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de) veröffentlicht, welche die Nutzung [...] 836. OECD Publishing, Paris
Badarinza C, Campbell J, Ramadorai T (2017) What calls to ARms? International evidence on interest
rates and the choice of adjustable-rate mortgages. Manage Sci. https://doi
Press.
Clarida, R., Galı́, J., & Gertler, M. (1998). Monetary policy rules in practice: Some international evidence. European
Economic Review, 42, 1033–1067.
Clausen, J. R.,& Meier, C.-P. (2003). Did [...] Wright, J. H. (2001). An empirical comparison of Bundesbank and ECB monetary policy
rules (International Finance Discussion Papers No. 690).
Gerberding, C., Kaatz, M., Seitz, F., & Worms, A. (2005).
zeigt, auch für „International Busi-
ness“:
• Advances in International Marketing
• Asia Pacific International Journal of Marketing
• International Marketing Review
• International Marketing: Strategy [...] Marketing
• Journal of International Business Studies
• Journal of International Consumer Marketing
• Journal of International Food & Agribusiness
Marketing
• Journal of International Marketing
• Journal [...] Journal of International Marketing and Marketing
Research
• Management International Review
Der mit der Lektüre verbundene Mehraufwand (z.B. we-
gen Sprachschwierigkeiten) wird durch den überdurch-
rules of the Taylor type. Interestingly, this is not specific to the US but seems to be an
international phenomenon (see Gerberding et al. (2005) for Germany, Gerdesmeier and
Roffia (2005) for the [...] 363–412.
Clarida, R., Galí, J. & Gertler, M. (1998): Monetary Policy Rules in Practice: Some
International Evidence, European Economic Review 42, 1033-1067.
Clarida, R., Galí, J. & Gertler, M. (2000): [...] banks: E. Fiorentino
a comparison of SFA and DEA A. Karmann, M. Koetter
11 2006 Limits to international banking consolidation F. Fecht, H. P. Grüner
page
35
12 2006 Money market
v7n2p2
12
Schneider & Linsbauer (2016) give a literature review on the finances of international crime organizations which shows
that cash is used in many crime activities. Therefore, re [...] Informal Economy of an Emerging Economy:
A multiple indicator, multiple causes (MIMIC) approach. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business
282, 154-177.
Im, K S, M H Pesaran & Y Shin (2003) [...] (ed), The
usage, costs and benefits of cash: Theory and evidence from macro and micro data, International Cash
Conference 2012, BonifatiusDruck und Buch Verlag, 15-45.
Pickhardt, M &J Sardà (2013)